Vol 19, No 3 (2016)

Targeted therapy used in oncology today is the most effective, but frequent cutaneous side effects force to reduce dose or interrupt treatment, significantly reducing the anti-tumor effect. The data on the pathogenesis of toxic skin reactions and the most frequent clinical manifestations (papular-pustular reaction, hand-foot syndrome) according to various studies are presented. The basic principles of correction are described. Examples of anticancer drug doses correlation and severity of skin reactions are presented.

The issue of trace elements participation in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata and the mechanisms of change in bio-concentrated trace remains unresolved and requires further consideration. Goal. To rate trace element balance in patients with alopecia areata. Material and methods. The study group consisted of patients with focal forms of alopecia areata (n = 100), the comparison group - healthy individuals (n = 100). The estimate of trace element status was performed by comparative analysis of the contents 11 trace elements (zinc, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, manganese, nickel, strontium, bismuth, cadmium, lead) in whole blood and hair in the study group. Results. The study reported a significant decrease in the level of zinc and iron in a patient’s blood and an increase in bio-concentrate iron, copper, chromium and nickel in hair ofpatients compared with healthy participants. Trace element analysis of whole blood and hair allowed to suggeste that a cause of an arising microelement imbalance is probably an autoimmune inflammation in the skin ofpatients suffering from alopecia areata. Confirmation of this hypothesis requires further comprehensive studies.

The data on the clinical features and course of suppurative hidradenitis characterized by severe course and a tendency to relapse are presented. To select the treatment strategy the scale of the severity and staging process are proposed. The atypical localization of purulent suppurative hidradenitis and follicular occlusion tetrad, which also includes conglobata acne, folliculitis sycosiformis atrophicans / exfoliating scalp cellulitis and pilonidal abscess are described. It is proved that manifestation of suppurative hidradenitis are phenotypically heterogeneous. The role of genetic, comorbid factors, metabolic and hormonal disorders, as well as the role of the immune system in the development of the disease are discused. For the diagnosis index Sartorius (Sartorius score), microbiology, immunohistochemistry and other research methods, which largely determine the tactics of treatment of severe dermatosis were used.

The current understanding of the causes and trigger points, classification, clinical picture, diagnosis and new approaches to the treatment of telogen effluvium are presented. The data of the clinical study of 60 patients with telogen effluvium, developed on the background of iron deficiency anemia, a comparative characteristic of Fe2+salts therapy vs combination therapy with Fe2+salts with topical lotion Qilib are described.

Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are common chronic dermatosis characterized by prolonged recurrent course. Depending on the severity of the disease topical and systemic treatment are applied. Keratoplastic agents play an important role in treatment of skin diseases. These agents include Naftalan Cream 30%, which significantly improves the skin condition. The results of treatment of 10 patients with atopic dermatitis and 10 patients with psoriasis vulgaris Naftalan cream 30% are presented.

Review of the literature devoted to one of the most common tumors of childhood - hemangioma is presented. Literature search was performed using the NCBI, including PubMed, PubMed Health, and The Cochrane Library databases. Infantile hemangioma is a neoplastic proliferation of endothelial cells, which is characterized by different phases of development: proliferation and spontaneous involution. The types of infantile hemangiomas, variants of the course and possible complications such as ulceration, functional disorders, and the formation of cosmetic defects are described. Incidence associated with infantile hemangioma syndrome is presented. The current views on the pathogenesis of infantile hemangiomas are described. Information about the best methods of diagnostic imaging, as well as medical and surgical therapies, including systemic and topical therapy with β-blockers, corticosteroids and use of lasers are described.

The mechanism of formation of active and chronic false positive reactions serologic syphilis tests is described. Spontaneous negativation of acute false positive serologic reactions develops in 6 months. Chronic false positive serologic reactions persist for a long time, sometimes during the whole life time. Chronic false positive serologic reactions for syphilis are the diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus. Chronic false positive serologic reactions before and during the evaluation of clinical symptoms in other connective tissue diseases, endocrinologic, oncologic pathology are described. The Hughes ’syndrome is the most often cause of false positive serologic syphilis tests. 3 cases of false positive serologic syphilis tests in patients with benign uterus tumors are presented.