Vol 22, No 1-2 (2019)

Modern information on the mechanisms of the damaging effect of UV radiation on the skin and the eye is presented, constitutional phototype skin (according to the Fitzpatrick scale) and clinical stages of skin photoaging are described (according to R. Glogau). The range of clinical changes arising on the background of solar elastosis can vary depending on the anatomical site of the lesion and include a number of dermatoses included in the concept of solar elastosis syndromes, resulting in the development of malignant dermatoses. Depending on the type of UV exposure - sporadic short-term or systematic long-term, acute and chronic pathological processes caused by the action of UV may develop. The development of eyelid neoplasms (basal cell, metatypical, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma), solar keratosis of the conjunctiva, pterygium, cataract, and macular retinal degeneration may result from the systematic UV irradiation of the organs of vision.

Early diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is necessary for timely treatment and prevention of the disease progression with destruction of the joints. In most patients, comorbid PsA develops many years after the debut of the skin process. Consequently, the main role in timely diagnosis of PsA is played by a dermatologist, who is able to identify its initial signs and refer the patient to a rheumatologist. Early initiation of systemic therapy with the use of modern biological agents for progressive psoriatic arthritis and severe psoriasis can prevent the development of irreversible disability.

The information about modern targeted drugs used in chemotherapy regimens for different types of cancer is presented. The mechanisms of pathogenesis of the development of undesirable skin reactions in the presence of tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors are described. The clinical case of a rarely occurring reaction to drugs inhibitors of vascular growth factor in the form of ulcerative-necrotic skin lesions in a 63-year-old patient is presented.

Objective. to determine the general patterns of changes barium sulfat stimulated luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of leukocytes in patients with drug toxidermia caused by taking nurofen (ibuprofen) and in the control group, as well as to select NSAIDs for replacement therapy. Material and methods. the object of the study were 15 patients (11 women and 4 men) with drug toxidemia (7 patients with toxidermia, 4 patients with acute urticaria) developed after taking nurofen (ibuprofen), and a control group consisting of 15 people (9 women and 6 men) who were not intolerant to this drug. The study participants were aged 18 to 75 years, median - 53. Measurement of barium sulfate-stimulated luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (SLCL) of leukocytes was performed on the Lum-100 chemiluminometer. The calculations were carried out using the computer program PowerGraph. Results. during the influence of nurofen (ibuprofen) on the blood of patients with intolerance to this drug and the control group dose-dependent changes in SLCL were observed. The relative intensity and relative light sum of blood SLCL in patients was significantly lower than in the control group at all studied drug concentrations (p < 0.01). SLCL indices in different forms of LT do not differ significantly (p < 0.01). The relative intensity and relative light sum of blood SLCL in patients were significantly lower in samples with the drug that caused the development of the disease than with drugs for replacement therapy (p < 0.01). At minimum concentration, there are no significant differences (p > 0.05).

Refractory psoriasis with a pronounced negative impact on the quality of life of patients is a high percentage. This disease is a difficult therapeutic task, both from a clinical and scientific point of view that indicates search relevance for new methods of treatment. Convincing data confirming the central role of interleukin-17 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and the importance of biological therapy aimed at interleukin-17 in the treatment of moderate and severe psoriasis, suggest secukinumab as one of the most promising of the currently existing drugs.

Based on the analysis of data from modern foreign sources current information about using of Janus-kinase inhibitors, in particular, tofacitinid and ruxolitinid, for the treatment of alopecia areata in adults and children, in the presence of a lesion of the scalp and other areas (eyebrows, eyelashes) is shown. The information about the mechanism of action of Janus-kinase inhibitors, the efficacy and safety of their use, possible methods of use, prospects for further research in the treatment of alopecia areata using targeted drugs is presented. The pathogenetic rationale for the possibility of using this group of drugs for treating immune-mediated diseases, for instance, alopecia areata is described.