Vol 19, No 4 (2016)

Cutaneous melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer characterized by rapid progression, invasiveness and low survival rates. This explains the importance of optimization of early detection of this tumor. At the present time molecular and genetic methods of cancer investigation are broadly used. One of such methods is microarray that allows to analyze the expression of thousands genes in the single cell. However, this method makes high demands on the quality of samples and research procedure. Today the most common approach for tumor tissue preservation is formalin fixation followed paraffin embedding. This procedure is broadly used in clinical medicine but may affect the structure and availability of nucleic acids of the study sample. The present investigation was done to evaluate the effect of melanoma tissue fixation on the result of microRNA expression analysis by microarray. In this regard, we made comparative study of microRNA expression in melanoma samples fixed in formaldehyde and RNase inhibitor reagent based on ammonium sulfate solution. It has been shown that fixation by formalin as compared to ammonium salts based RNase inhibiting fixator alters the level of 454 microRNAs. Some miRNAs among them are playing an important role in the melanoma progression. Thus, molecular studies of skin tissues by microarray requires more thorough standardization of sample fixation methods or using of special RNA stabilizing solutions. The application of the formalin fixation method to preserve tissue for miRNA expression analysis requires further study.

Endotoxin of Gram-negative bacteria of the digestive tract, which has a high degree of toxicity to humans, is considered today as a factor in inducing allergic development and formation of combinedforms of atopic dermatitis (AD), is capable of a more severe disease. Increasing the level of endotoxin leads to the development of endogenous intoxication syndrome (EIS) that accompanies the disease, providing a damaging effect on the tissue and determining the prognosis of AD. At SEI complex metabolic disorders is forming that leads not only to a decrease in the volume of organs of the immune system, increase the permeability of natural barriers, but also to a defect interaction of its individual effector units. Excretion of endogenous and exogenous stimuli from the body at allergic dermatosis prevents the formation of secondary immune deficiency and the further development of the pathological process of the skin, contributing to its stabilization and sustainable long-term remission. Application of detoxifying drug “Eubikor” and general aerocryotherapy at atopic dermatitis leads to more intense reduction of SCORAD, reduces the frequency of exacerbations and increase duration of remission. Method of aerocryotherapy was used to stimulate the mechanisms of activation of metabolism and regeneration of damaged tissues. Clinical experience of “Eubikor” and aerocryotherapy rate in patients with atopic dermatitis is presented.

Dermatoheliosis increases the risk of developing malignant epithelial skin tumors and locates on aesthetically critical areas. Therefore there is a need for noninvasive objective technique capable of in vivo assessing the cumulative effect of UV-radiation, the severity ofphotoaging and the risk of epithelial skin cancer. In our study we aimed to determine the morphological changes occurring on photoaged skin and early signs of keratinocyte dysplasia by means of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). Material and method. The samples of facial skin of 40 volunteers from distinct groups, determined by Glogau scale (grades I-IV), have been examined with RCM. Results. The presence of irregular honeycomb pattern is increasing with progressing of dermatoheliosis. Mottled pigmentation and polycyclic papillary contours were determined in grade II-IV Glogau individuals, in the number of cases there were not demonstrated any pathological skin changes in analyzing area. Dermal structures are significantly transforming: reticulated collagen fibers are replacing with coarse collagen structures, huddled collagen and curled bright structures. RCM is capable of identifying early signs of sun damage and keratinocyte dysplasia in skin in the absence of any clinically visible symptoms.

A review of the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and histological characteristics of a rare dermatosis - Grover’s disease is presented. The difficulty of histopathology differential diagnosis of this disease with Darier’s disease andfamilial benign pemphigus Guzhero-Hailey-Hailey is described. The clinical case of Grover’s disease in 87 year old man is presented.

The article is devoted to the differential diagnosis of hypertrophic form of lichen planus (CPL) with acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf (AVH). It is very rare hyperkeratotic genodermatosis usually inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Due to the marked clinical similarity of these two dermatoses crucial for the correct diagnosis is histological study of the lesion with the identification of histological feature unique for AVH - papillomatosis as a “church steeples”. Two clinical cases diagnosed last year in the department of dermatology and dermatooncology in Moscow regional research and clinical institute are described in the article. The effectiveness of the treatment AVH with acitretin was described.

The article is devoted to a new method of treatment ofprimary axillary hyperhidrosis UHF technology. Anatomy, topography and function of the sweat glands, as well as the mechanism of action of ultrahigh-frequency therapy electromagnetic field frequency from 30 to 300 MHz (wavelength of 10 m to 1 m) in continuous or pulsed mode are described. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of UHF-therapy apparatus SweatX at axillary hyperhidrosis. Inclusion criteria was hyperhidrosis corresponding to the scale of gravity HDSS (Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale) 3 rd and 4 th degree: before treatment in 8 patients HDSS level was equal to 4, in 12 patients - 3. Each patient received a series 4 treatments with an interval of 1 week. Underarm pictures with iodine-starch test subjects was performed at baseline and after 1, 3 and 6 months after the last treatment. Each procedure SweatX exposure consisted of two stages. The total processing time of each axilla was 8-10 minutes (about 20 minutes on both armpits). In the study, as well as between the procedures and follow-up visits were observed no undesirable side effects. After 6 months of follow up indicators HDSS sweating on a scale from 11 (55%) patients dropped to 2, and 9 (45%) patients -1. Thus, on the basis of SweatX use of UHF technology provides a safe, effective and lasting solution to the problems encountered in patients with primary hyperhidrosis underarm.

Olga Nikolaevna Podvisotskaya (1884-1958) made her way up from the laboratory assistant at the Clinic of Dermal and Venereal Diseases at the St. Petersburg Women’s Medical Institute to the first dermatologist academician at the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. She is one of the leaders of the domestic dermatology of the mid 20th century and the creator of a new school of dermatology, based on pathophysiological researches. O.N. Podvisotskaya is the author of fascinating researches on blastomycosis, chromoblastomycosis, epidermophytia (acute trichophytia of Podvisotskaya), onychomycosis, tuberculosis. She is known as the founder of the Leningrad Lupus Sanatorium. At this time the process of formation of the Academy of Medical Sciences as a standalone structure, designed to put together the practical and theoretical sciences in the country has been evolving. One of the complex phases in this process was the foundation of All Union Institute of Experimental Medicine (AUIEM) and its further reorganisational changes. O.N. Podvisotskaya was taking most active part in the activities of the AUIEM and later - at the AMS after becoming the academician, since the moment of foundation of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 1944.