Current approaches to the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a review of the literature

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Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AtD) ― one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases often characterized by limited or short-time efficacy of traditional treatment options.

The PubMed and eLibrary databases were searched for full text articles and reviews about novel approaches to the treatment of this skin disorder published between 2015 and 2021.

This review aims to provide an overview of the recent pathogenetic pathways which are considered as main immunologic targets in the development of novel therapeutic strategies and discovering of future opportunities in the treatment of AtD. There are analysed and systematized novel data about systemic medications such as Dupilumab and a number of other monoclonal antibodies and JAK-inhibitors recently implemented in the practice and currently are clinical expertising in the different phases of trials of their efficacy and safety. Novel topical medications are considered separately including JAK-inhibitors, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor and aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulator. AtD is a complex disease characterized by different underlying molecular mechanisms/endotypes and phenotypes. This heterogeneity advocates against the traditional “one-size-fits-all” therapeutic approaches still used to manage AtD.

Therapies targeting different cytokine axes and other mechanisms involved in disease pathogenesis will expand our ability of control of AtD including his therapy-refractory cases. Recent research advancements about clinical and immunological disease’s variability and different endotypes indicate that control of this disorder must be based on pathogenetic approaches and therefore on the concept of individualized therapy.

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About the authors

Evgenii V. Bakurov

Ural Research Institute for Dermatovenerology and Immunopatology

Author for correspondence.
Email: bakurov.1981@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7472-7817
SPIN-code: 9412-4733

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Research Associate

Russian Federation, 8, Scerbacova street, Yekaterinburg, 620076

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