From century to century: 100 years of the Novosibirsk regional clinical venerologic dispensary

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Abstract

The history of the formation and development of the Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Skin and Venereology Dispensary is inseparably connected to the history of the city, which started as a small town for the builders of a railroad bridge over the Ob for the Trans-Siberian Railway in the 19^th century [1]. The town turned into the capital of the Siberian Federal District and the scientific center of Siberia in the 21st century. Eighty-five years of the history of the Novosibirsk Region and 100 years of the 130 years of Novosibirsk are connected to the dispensary.

The idea of creating a new specialized medical facility type ― A venereology center

 

Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Skin and Venereological Dispensary.

 

The continuous influx of population was promoted by the process of building the railroad, the resettlement policy and quickly developing infrastructure. Novonikolayevsk (Novosibirsk since 1926) was growing quickly, and the disease incidence increased simultaneously. For most townspeople, the living conditions were not very good at the beginning. The lack of plumbing and pollution of the rivers Ob and Kamenka contributed to an increase in the incidence of infectious diseases ― cholera, typhus fever, malaria. Aside from infectious diseases, the so-called social diseases ― skin and venereal ones ― were also quite widespread (scabies, syphilis, gonorrhea, etc.).

A rather high number of contacts between people, a lack of utilities, bad living and working conditions, non-compliance with basic hygienic norms, alcoholism and an increase in prostitution made life dangerous. The city was in dire need of not just professional but specialized medical care. However, all over Siberia, there was no combating of such social diseases until 1917. There was not a single hospital or facility that would provide specialized care in that regard, and the number of those affected by venereal diseases was unknown without even an estimate [2].

In 1917, the year of the revolution, the epidemiological situation of the town became worse, and with the beginning of the Civil War, it grew truly threatening. As the Civil War was dying down, a department of healthcare (Sibzdravotdel) was created by Sibrevcom (the supreme authority of Siberia between 1919 and 1925). Sibzdravotdel almost immediately started to take measures to achieve the established aims, including those related to combating social diseases.

Despite the harsh conditions of the country, a significant step forward was made in providing the population with medical care. That is how a subdivision for fighting venereal diseases was created by Sibzdravotdel in 1920. It was headed by Petr Aleksandrovich Kaydanovsky, who had some experience in combating infectious diseases by then (he worked in the town’s first epidemic hospital for fighting typhus since 1919). In 1921, he was assigned to also head the first Novonikolayevsk venereology facility ― a venereology office.

In the 1920s, the Siberian regional Red Cross authority started an inquiry into the issue of the spread of syphilis in rural areas to combat it in an organized way. With that aim, mobile medical and examination units were directed into syphilis epidemic areas, after which stationary venereal units started to be created. “This was a period of healthcare bodies heroically combating epidemics. Despite the harsh conditions experienced at the time by the Republic, including Siberia, a huge step forward was made in creating a network of healthcare facilities” [3].

The work that was carried out was definitely fruitful. However, in those conditions, the town was in a desperate need for specialized medical facilities in particular, which would be larger than small out-patient clinics and venereal units. Aside from that, the town lacked professionals ― expert doctors specializing in skin and venereal diseases. In order to solve those problems, the country saw the creation of the State Venereal Institute in 1921 ― the first research hospital focused on dermatovenereology (renamed into the State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 2010). The training and further education of specialists with deep insight into venereal diseases and their treatment became one of the main aims of the facility. The institute also faced the issue of developing scientific and experimental theories for venereology and dermatology [4].

The issue of social diseases was becoming more prominent all over the country. That is why the first All-Union Venereologist Convention took place in 1922 in Moscow. P.A. Kaydanovsky took part in it as the representative of Novonikolayevsk. The Convention involved an active discussion of the way to effectively organize local interventions for combating social diseases. As a result, an idea of creating a new form of specialized medical facilities ― venereology dispensaries ― was proposed. Such dispensaries aimed not only to treat venereal and skin diseases, but also to prevent them.

The Governorate’s Healthcare Department issued Decree No. 147 on the creation of such a venereology dispensary in Novonikolayevsk on November 10, 1923. On November 15, it was already established as one of the first ones in Siberia. A small staff was assembled, including doctors who examined patients (3.5 positions) and nurses. P.A. Kaydanovsky became the first chief physician. November 15, 1923, is considered the day of the establishment of the Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Skin and Venereology Dispensary.

Initially, the venereology dispensary took up only four offices in a small building in the very center of the town. New approaches to the procedures quickly affected the attendance of the dispensary, which increased 1.5 times just within two months. Soon the venereology dispensary was relocated into the wooden two-story building on 54 Chaplygin street where the first venereology out-patient clinic had been previously located.

 

Emergency room of the Novosibirsk, 1923.

 

One year later, in 1924, the work of Novonikolayevsk venereology dispensary was already highly praised by the People’s Commissar for Health of the country N.A. Semashko and a leading Soviet dermatovenereologist, one of the founders and the first head of the State Venereologic Institute for Training Venereologists V.M. Bronner. Both took part in the Third Siberian Convention of Health Departments [5]. Aside from that, the Convention adopted a resolution, which had the central governorate dispensaries acknowledged as the centers of combating venereal diseases (actually making them regional). They were to provide free healthcare to patients, create venereology units for medical district hospitals, combat prostitution and pay a lot of attention to preventing venereal diseases.

While acting only two years as the chief physician of the dispensary, P. A. Kaydanovsky managed to lay the groundwork for a completely new type of medical facility based on its functions, aims, opportunities and administrative resources. In 1926, he left the position and relocated to Gorky (now called Nizhny Novgorod) where he headed the Scientific Research Dermatovenereology Institute.

Establishing a scientific dermatovenereology school in Novosibirsk

Between 1926 and 1929, the Novosibirsk venereology dispensary saw continuous staff changes. The main causes were the huge amount of work, harsh working conditions, as well as frequent administrative and territorial changes in the region.

In 1926, after P.A. Kaydanovsky left, Vasily Aleksandrovich Stogov was appointed acting chief physician. During his term, the first fully functional pharmacy was opened by the dispensary, and staffing was actively performed. For example, D.A. Lapyshev was hired as the head of the male syphilis department in 1927. Later, he would lead the dispensary for many years.

Between 1927 and 1928, a urology expert Nikolai Mikhailovich Trotsky was the acting chief physician of the dispensary. He also held the position for no more than a year. In that short time, measures were developed to bring individuals with venereal diseases in for compulsory inspection.

In 1928, the leadership changed yet again: doctor Osip Naumovich Ostrovsky was appointed as the head of the venereology dispensary. He also stayed in that position for less than a year. During that time, a new syphilis outbreak occurred, which led to a lot of work for the dispensary not only in treating patients but also in their identification. Examinations were carried out in assembling military units and at railroad node stations, which were the most dangerous places in terms of disease incidence. One of the factors in syphilis spread in the town was a surge in prostitution. In search of the means of fighting this social phenomenon, an Occupational Preventive Clinic for Women with Reduced Social Responsibility was opened by the venereology dispensary [6].

Along with organizational tasks and search for the means of fighting venereal diseases, the Novosibirsk scientific dermatovenereology school was establishing at that time. For example, doctors V.A. Stogov, D.A. Lapyshev and N.M. Trotsky proposed the creation of a dermatovenereologist and urologist subdivision at a conference of the joint scientific organization of the town’s doctors in February 1927. Due to their efforts, the subdivision was created and included 22 doctors. V.A. Stogov was selected as its first chairperson. At first, the subdivision involved discussing research and practice topics related to the issues of treating venereal and infectious skin diseases, improving the diagnostic methods and introducing new treatment approaches. They paid special attention to promoting hygiene and preparing staff.

In 1929, David Abramovich Lapyshev became the chief physician of the Novosibirsk venereology dispensary. He remained in charge for 37 years and made a very prominent contribution to its development. One of his first endeavors was the creation of a night-time venereal disease prevention unit in 1930. At the same time, he started to implement a unified recording system of venereal and highly contagious skin diseases. Even this seemingly minor organizational endeavor, which, however, was carried out systematically, resulted in a notable decrease in syphilis and scabies incidence. For example, the incidence of syphilis was reduced 10 times by the end of 1930s, and syphilis economica was essentially eradicated.

The quickly growing population of the town was still in dire need of highly skilled medical care, which required new medical staff. Back in 1927, the Siberian State Institute for Doctor Development (SibSIDD) was opened in the Tomsk University. In 1931, it was relocated from Tomsk to Novosibirsk to provide medical staff to the new capital of the West Siberian Krai. The relocation of the SIDD to Novosibirsk gave a notable impetus to the development of dermatovenereology research since some staff members of the skin and venereal disease academic department of Tomsk University moved together with the institute. They were led by the renowned by then in the country clinician, bacteriologist, mycologist, and author of original ideas in the field of venereology, professor Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogolepov. He is rightfully considered to be the founder of the Siberian school of dermatovenereologists.

Together with professor A.A. Bogolepov, his student Aleksandr Nikolaevich Araviysky also arrived to Novosibirsk. Later on, he would become a professor, who at different times led the skin and venereal disease departments of the Novosibirsk SIDD and the First Leningrad Medical Institute, as well as a rector of the Novokuznetsk and Leningrad SIDDs. They became permanent lead advisors of the Novosibirsk dispensary and a part of its history. Since that time, the staff of the dispensary received the unique opportunity of improving their knowledge on skin and venereal diseases right in Novosibirsk with the guidance of professor A.A. Bogolepov and his students. It is noteworthy that after graduating from Tomsk University, the dispensary chief physician D.A. Lapyshev received excellent training in dermatovenereology under the guidance of professor A.A. Bogolepov.

In 1935, the research subdivision of Novosibirsk dermatovenereologists was transformed into an independent scientific organization, and professor A.A. Bogolepov was selected as its chairperson. That same year, the Novosibirsk State Medical Institute (NSMI, which is now a University, i.e. NSMU) was created based on the SIDD to train medical staff in the region. Another year later, the skin and venereal disease department of the NSMI (nowadays, the dermatovenereology and cosmetology department of the NSMU) started operating. Professor A.A. Bogolepov also became the founder and first head of the department [7].

From their creation, the Novosibirsk dermatovenereologist scientific organization and the skin and venereal disease department of the SIDD and the NSMI were tightly entwined with the venereology dispensary. Together with A.N. Araviysky, assistant professor Moisei Iosifovich Hasin was among the first staff of the Institute’s department and consultants of the dispensary. He headed the department and clinic of skin and venereal diseases of the NSMI after A.A. Bogolepov (1939–1954). He was involved in direct research of syphilis, gonorrhea, chancroid and various dermatoses.

Gradually the staff of the venereology dispensary was expanded by the graduates from the NSMI, and the dispensary continuously searched for new forms of work. In 1936, a medical dermatovenereology pediatric hospital with 140 beds was created by the dispensary. It was later reorganized into a pediatric mycological hospital with 100 beds with a municipal mycological facility providing care to all regions of the city. At the same time, the venereal facility network started expanding. New venereology offices and dispensaries were opened in the districts of Novosibirsk Region where there had been none of them previously.

By 1938, 10 venereology dispensaries were located in the biggest populated areas of Novosibirsk Region. However, about 20 districts of the region had no venereal network at all. In those districts, local doctors and medical assistants provided care to patients. In some areas, dispensaries had little supply of not just drugs but also basic hygienic tools. In some regions, there was no venereal care despite a rather high incidence of diseases. That became one of the causes of the transition of the Novosibirsk Venereology Dispensary into a regional facility ― Novosibirsk Regional Skin and Venereology Dispensary (NRSVD), although it was performing control over skin and venereal diseases in the whole region already since its creation.

The organization of special visits of medical and examination venereal units into the districts of Novosibirsk Region became the main campaign of the NRSVD. Aside from that, an organizational and methodological office that carried out research was opened in the dispensary.

Time of hardship: the Novosibirsk Regional Skin and Venereology Dispensary during the national economy recovery after the World War II

The years of the Great Patriotic War became a harsh challenge for the NRSVD. The network of venereal facilities and inpatient care was reduced, and the supply of offices and laboratories with crucial drugs was disrupted. However, the Novosibirsk regional dermatovenereology service was mobilized like the rest of the country.

The 1950s was the time of the national economy recovery after the Great Patriotic War, and that meant a mass migration of people to the country’s construction sites, including Novosibirsk. During that time, Novosibirsk saw the construction of new plants (Ekran, Sibelectrotyazhmash, etc.), large thermal and electric power facilities (Novosibirsk Hydroelectric Station, Barabinsk Power Station), Iskitim cement factory and so on. People from different regions arrived to the city, and many stayed forever. The city kept growing, and social diseases ― syphilis, gonorrhea and skin diseases ― became prominent yet again.

Along with the regional center, a municipal dermatovenereology dispensary was created in Novosibirsk in 1951. Within it, an in-patient care facility with 40 beds was opened, and an X-ray office was equipped. These events were connected with the fact that after Novosibirsk was turned into a city of republican subordination in 1943, it stopped being dependent on the region. Due to that, the NRSVD was able to focus its efforts on the venereal facilities of the regional districts.

Another syphilis outbreak started during the building of Novosibirsk Hydroelectric Station. In 1954 already, the recorded cases of a new form of syphilis increased immediately by 700%. It was connected to the peak of the most complicated work at the construction of the hydroelectric station. It turned out to be easier to take control of the river than human nature. However, the dispensary continued its work, and found correct solutions even in new complicated conditions. The outbreak was taken under control by the NRSVD team, which carried out a complete examination of the whole population of the worker settlement. Since 1954, venereologists started taking part in preventive medical examinations of the regional population in order to detect syphilis.

In the 1950s, the first physical rehabilitation room was created in the NRSVD. It had three diathermy devices, one portable diathermocoagulation device, one iontophoresis device, two local treatment devices, one UHF device, two mercury-quartz lamps, one Sollux lamp, two Minin blue lamps; paraffin treatment was also available. The room could carry out 20 procedures a day. Patients with psoriasis, furunculosis, and other skin conditions, as well as patients with a complicated form of gonorrhea, were treated in the NRSVD physical rehabilitation room.

In 1958, a connection between venereologists and women’s health clinics was established in every district of the region, which promoted the RW testing of pregnant women.

An Honored Physician of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) D.A. Lapyshev remained the chief physician of the NRSVD and the head dermatovenereologist of the region until 1966. Olga Andreevna Bogacheva took his place. By then she had an extensive experience as a dermatovenereologist and as the head of the healthcare department in the Kochenevsky District. For many years, she was a member of the Task Group for Sexually Transmitted Diseases, which was created by the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR, a board member of the All-Union Dermatovenereologist Society, and later a member of the All-Russian Dermatovenereologist Society. Olga Andreevna constantly searched for new methods of combating venereal diseases. Under her leadership, new cutting-edge technologies and methods of diagnostics, treatment, as well as regular medical checkups, of patients with venereal diseases were implemented. In 1974, the dispensary saw the creation of centralized serology and bacteriology laboratories as a structural department.

In the 1970s, another outbreak of venereal diseases occurred. Combating them was one of the main aims of both the leadership of the dispensary and the bodies of internal affairs. O.A. Bogacheva led the implementation of a project for the organization of task forces meant to combat the spread of venereal diseases in the region. In order to promote the active detection of venereal patients, they performed special inspections together with the employees of the Internal Affairs Directorate to identify venereal diseases among individuals with immoral and parasitic behaviors. Together with doctors, they literally apprehended the “sources of infection.” The captured individuals were taken from their permanent locations near alcohol shops, in parks and squares and examined by the dispensary staff both visually and using laboratory testing. Later, if medically required, the individuals were hospitalized into in-patient facilities with strict regimens. Such inspections were also carried out in some districts of the region.

Given that Novosibirsk is located at the intersection of many roads, units of “venereal disease primary prevention” were organized once again by the regional dispensary and at the railroad station Novosibirsk-Glavny, although they did not exist for long.

Time of radical changes: new challenges at the beginning of the 21st century and a search for responses

At the turn of the century, the NRSVD experienced new issues, which were connected to the changes taking place within the country at the time: the perestroika of the 1980s, the reforms of the 1990s and the search for responses to the challenges of the beginning of the 21st century. The regional dispensary continued to develop to the benefit of the city and the health of its population. After O.A. Bogacheva, an Honored Physician of the Russian Federation Yakov Karlovich Lips became the new chief physician of the dispensary in 1990. Despite the complexities and ambiguity of the period, within the next 14 years, he managed not only to preserve the traditions of the dispensary’s work, which had been established by all the chief physicians, especially his predecessors (D.A. Lapyshev and O.A. Bogacheva), but also adapt the regional dispensary to the conditions of the new period of radical changes. During these years, notable success was achieved in the treatment, prevention, and research.

In 1989, yet another ― third ― increase in syphilis incidence started. It turned into an epidemic in the 1990s. The situation in the city and region was extremely stressful, just like everywhere in the country. With the dissolution of the USSR and the following abrupt social segregation, criminalization of society, increase in unemployment, alcohol and drug abuse, and prostitution, the number of patients grew explosively. For example, by 1997, the incidence of syphilis was 1,5 times greater than its post-war levels. The regional dispensary started opening anonymous offices. The issue of needing to provide the population with outpatient dermatovenereology care was acute. It was then that paid medical services started to become introduced both all over the country and in the regional dispensary.

In 2004, an Honored Physician of the Russian Federation Victoria Victorovna Onipchenko became the chief physician of the dispensary. In 4 years, the dispensary saw notable changes. A major reorganization of the NRSVD followed. In the 20th century, the establishment of the dispensary was carried out by creating the first venereology offices, units, in-patient facilities and regional dispensaries. In 2008, a major reorganization followed through uniting all the subdivisions into a single Novosibirsk Regional Skin and Venereology Dispensary. The dispensary moved from the old wooden two-story building on Chaplygin street into a modern six-story building on 35 Obyedineniya street.

The Central Skin and Venereology Institute of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (State Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology Research Center (SDCRC) since 2010) lent significant support to the NRSVD’s reorganization. In 2009, led by its director, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences A.A. Kubanova, the Novosibirsk venereology dispensary became one of the first facilities that started a new work direction ― telemedicine. Already in 2010, the first international teleconference Boston-Moscow-Krasnodar-Novosibirsk was established to teach laser technology in dermatology.

 

Chief physician V.V. Onipchenko and academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences A.A. Kubanov.

 

The Novosibirsk Regional Skin and Venereology Dispensary started to quickly develop not only as a treatment and prevention facility, but also as a scientific and methodological units for combating venereal and skin diseases. Teleconferences allowed holding joint scientific and methodological conferences, training workshops, roundtables not only with the SDCRC, but also with leading scientists from Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Altai Krai, Kemerovo region, Novosibirsk region and Russian Far East, which contributed to the NRSVD receiving the status of Clinical in 2016.

Currently, the Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Skin and Venereology Dispensary (NRCSVD) is a clinical basis for training dermatovenereologists and cosmetologists of the Novosibirsk State Medical University (NSMU) and the department of fundamental medicine and psychology of the Novosibirsk National Research University (NNRU). Due to the cooperation of the two departments and the venereology dispensary, clinical councils and research and training conferences take place, and scientific papers are published in international and national journals.

Productive cooperation between the NRCSVD and SDCRC, as well as the Russian Society of Dermatovenereologists and Cosmetologists (RSDC), continues, which allows for solving their tasks successfully. Together with the SDCRC, the dispensary is a part of the World Health Organization program for infection safety. Work aimed at creating test kits for diagnosing sexually transmitted infections and chronic skin diseases is being carried out.

The NRCSVD cooperates with the Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, including the leading researcher Dr. Sci. (Medicine) Svetlana Robertovna Senchukova. As one of the members of the commission for awarding medical rank, she takes part in discussions about complex clinical cases in the dispensary and reports at conferences held by the dispensary.

A system of productive experience exchange is developed in the dispensary. Throughout all its history, the scientific consultants of the dispensary were globally renowned scientists ― A.A. Bogolepov and A.N. Araviysky. At different times, the staff of the department of the NSMI were the consultants of the dispensary: assistants L.N. Yudkina, A.V. Bogatyreva, assistant professor E.P. Lesnikov, heads of the department and professors A.K. Yakubson, B.N. Krivosheev and S.G. Lykova.

Currently, experienced dermatovenereologists of the city also function as mentors at the dispensary. Among them is the honored mentor of Novosibirsk region, professor Yulia Mikhailovna Krinitsyna, who is deservingly respected by her colleagues, students, and patients. With her rich clinical and research experience, Y.M. Krinitsyna teaches doctors and young specialists not only the rules of diagnostics and treatment of dermatovenereology diseases, but also documentation of clinical observations. Owing to her work, the NRCSVD doctors take active part in various scientific events and conferences and have many publications in national and international scientific journals.

 

Professor Y.M. Krinitsyna is a mentor of young dermatologists.

 

The dispensary has up-to-date equipment. The method of ultrasonic skin scanning using a digital system has been adopted. A specifically equipped mobile unit Test-Mobile is in operation. Its teams visit distant areas of the city and rural districts of the region to carry out rapid testing for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis C and B. Test-mobile can also perform dermatoscopy―an examination of skin formations (papillomas, moles, etc.) with the aim of an early detection of malignancies.

In 2022, after reconstruction, a pediatric dermatovenereology department was opened in the round-the-clock inpatient facility. It managed to change the usual sight of a medical unit, which scares pediatric patients so much. The interior, lighting, and decoration changed. Age-specific wards for underage patients, a play space, a classroom, and a telecommunication area were built. A remote learning module is planned to be introduced. A nurse service was also introduced. Nurses directly take care of the children for the entire duration of their treatment. Therefore, a comfortable stay for a child and their legal guardian became possible in the round-the-clock inpatient facility. Such a pediatric department in a venereology dispensary is the first one in Russia.

 

Opening of the exposition of the dispensary's history dedicated to the 100^th anniversary of the Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Skin and Venereological Dispensary, 2023.

 

The Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Skin and Venereology Dispensary today: at the forefront of the battle

Today the Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Skin and Venereology Dispensary became one of the leading prevention and treatment facility of the city, region and the Siberian region as a whole. Its structure consists of four outpatient departments in different districts of the city, day and round-the-clock inpatient facilities, a pediatric department and a specialized pediatric center Doveriye, as well as a clinical diagnostic laboratory. The NRCSVD has 336 qualified staff members, including 101 doctors. Among them, there are 3 Honored Physicians of the Russian Federation, 5 recipients of award for healthcare excellence of the Russian Federation, 2 Doctors of Medical Sciences, 4 Candidates of Medical Sciences and 50 doctors of highest professional qualification. All the doctors of the dermatovenereology dispensary are members of the regional department of the RSDC (chairperson is the chief physician of the NRCSVD V.V. Onipchenko, deputy chairperson is professor Y.M. Krinitsyna). The dispensary staff, just like before, are at the forefront of fighting for the health of our current and future compatriots. In 2012, the staff of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Novosibirsk region NRCSVD was awarded a medal of the Russian Society Dermatovenereologists and Cosmetologists “For achievements in the Russian dermatovenereology.”

Throughout the anniversary year of 2023, there was a cycle of events dedicated to the 100th year of the NRCSVD. They included roundtables, region scientific conferences and schools for young dermatovenereologists, meetings with veterans, as well as the XIII Conference of Dermatovenereologists and Cosmetologists of the Siberian Federal District, which completed the cycle. One of the outstanding and important events was the exhibition of the history of the dispensary, which took place in one of the 26 major historical exhibition parks of the country Russia: My History. In this unique modern multimedia museum complex, all the history of the 100 years of the NRCSVD is presented on interactive screens and touchpads. It includes the history of the chief physicians and the main stages of the NRCSVD development in photos and videos; the contribution of the people who created and are creating the history of the dispensary is displayed.

Conclusion

The traditions established 100 years ago became the foundation of many major achievements of the NRCSVD. Created in the 20th century, the Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Skin and Venereology Dispensary has become one of the most experienced medical facilities of the country in its field. It has entered the 21st century and is confidently moving into the future.

Additional information

Funding source. This study was not supported by any external sources of funding.

Competing interests. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Authors' contribution. All authors made a substantial contribution to the conception of the work, acquisition, analysis, interpretation of data for the work, drafting and revising the work, final approval of the version to be published and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

About the authors

Irina I. Nikolaeva

Novosibirsk State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: niishoca@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-9523-866X
SPIN-code: 5897-6132

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor

Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

Grachik A. Aivazian

Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Dermatovenerologic Dispensary

Email: Aivazan_Grachik@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9355-7403

MD

Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

Yuliya M. Krinitsyna

Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Dermatovenerologic Dispensary

Email: julia407@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9383-0745
SPIN-code: 5925-9031

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

References

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