编号 5 (2020)
- 年: 2020
- ##issue.datePublished##: 05.11.2020
- 文章: 11
- URL: https://rjsvd.com/0869-7922/issue/view/9745
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2020-5
完整期次
Articles
ON THE MEANING OF THE TERM «HORMESIS» AND ITS PLACE IN THE GENERAL THEORY OF THE DEPENDENCE OF THE BODY’S RESPONSE TO POTENTIALLY HARMFUL EFFECTS ON ITS STRENGTH
摘要
Spherical nanoparticles (NP) of cadmium and lead sulfides (dia.37 ± 5 nm and 24 ± 4 nm, respectively) turned to be cytotoxic for HL-1 cardiomyocytes as illustrated by ATP-dependent luminescence reduction. It was revealed, that CdS-NP affect in a greater degree than PbS-NP. In view of the same dose range, CdS-NP decreased the amount of calcium spikes. Small PbS-NP doses showed the same effect. Besides cell hypertrophy due to certain CdS-NP and PbS-NP impact, doses leading to cardiomyocyte decrease were revealed. In order to correspond with the following three results, both monotonic «dose-response» functions (properly approximated by the hyperbolic function) as well as different variants of non-monotonic ones were deduced by us, for which adequate mathematical expressions through modifying certain hormesis models are to be had in literature. Evidence-based analysis involving response surface linear model as well as a cross term, acknowledged a new support to the formerly inflexible rule stating that the diversity kinds of combined action, typical for the same damaging agents’ pair is of the fundamental propositions in the general theory of combined toxicity.



BIOETHICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF ANIMALS FOR SCIENTIFIC PURPOSES
摘要
This work scrutinizes modern bioethical concepts of the use of animals for scientific purposes, as well as legal aspects of its use. Initially, the authors present a brief excursion into the history of bioethics and then focus on the modern concept of ethical attitude to the animals used for scientific purposes. The authors analyze the EU Directive on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes, as well as the EAEU acts and by-laws of the EAEU member states, and conclude that it is necessary to adopt a supranational act within the EAEU that will regulate the use of animals for scientific purposes in accordance with the principles of reduction, replacement and refinement.



ASSESSMENT OF THE TOXIC INFLUENCE OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTANTS IN THE SARATOV REGION DURING THE FOREST FIRES
摘要
The article is devoted to the hygienic assessment of the potential risk of general toxic effects for the health of the population in the Saratov region as a result of action of pollutants (carbon monoxide, nitrogen mono - and dioxides, ammonia, dust, formaldehyde) during forest fires. The relevance of this work is due to the significant role of forest fires in air pollution and the special vulnerability of the Saratov region to forest fires. The results of the study allow to judge the significant role of forest fires in air pollution in the Saratov region: there are significant excesses of the hygienic permissible levels of maximum single and average daily concentrations of pollutants (nitrogen mono- and dioxides, ammonia, dust, formaldehyde), which create an unfavorable environmental situation, contribute to the development and progression of many human diseases.



ON THE NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HYGIENIC STANDARDS (MACs) IN THE WATER AND AIR OF THE WORKING AREA FOR PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
摘要
Currently, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has no hygienic standards in the air of the working area and objects of the human environment in the Russian Federation.
By the decision of the Stockholm Convention SC-9/12, PFOA, its salts and derivatives are included in Part I of Annex A of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2019 (with exceptions for possible use). The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade included PFOA, its salts and derivatives in the list of potential candidates for inclusion in Annex III of the Rotterdam Convention at the next meeting COP10 in 2021.
The use of this chemical on the territory of the Russian Federation entails water and air pollution. Industrial emissions and waste water from fluoropolymer production, thermal use of materials and products containing polytetrafluoroethylene, biological and atmospheric degradation of fluorotelomer alcohols, waste water from treatment facilities are the sources of the release of PFOA into the environment.
Analysis of international databases has showed that PFOA is standardized in the air of the working area in Germany, Japan, and Switzerland. In the countries of the European Union, as well as the USA and Canada, the issue of PFOA standardizing in drinking water is being now actively under discuss.
Taking into account the high toxicity and hazard of the substance and the serious concern of the civil society of the Russian Federation, the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing requested the Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances to develop
MACs for perfluorooctanoic acid in the air of the working area and water as soon as possible.
The MACs for PFOA have been proposed using risk analysis: 0,005 mg/m3, aerosol, hazard class 1 – in the air of the working area and 0,0002 mg/L, the limiting hazard indicator – sanitary-toxicological, hazard class 1 – in the water.



STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF VERATRUM ACUTE POISONINGS DURING 2014-2018 IN MOSCOW, SAINT PETERSBURG, OMSK, CHITA, AND KHANTY-MANSIYSK AUTONOMOUS OKRUG – UGRA
摘要
Acute hellebore poisoning is characteristic for the Russian Federation because of the use of this plant for the treatment of alcoholism at home. The varying severity of clinical symptoms, which sometimes become lifethreatening, the lack of anamnestic reliable information about the use of hellebore and the difficulties of chemical and toxicological confirmation of its use complicate the diagnosis of acute poisoning, and do not allow timely medical care. In addition, there is no classification of hellebore poisoning in ICD-10, block (T51-T65), which also affects the assessment of the actual frequency of this acute intoxication.
The purpose of this work is to clarify the number of acute hellebore poisoning in the Russian Federation. The analysis of medical records of patients hospitalized with acute hellebore poisoning in toxicological departments of a number of subjects of the Russian Federation for 2014 - 2018 was carried out. The dynamics of such acute poisoning over the specified period, the gender and age composition of victims, and the circumstances of poisoning were revealed. The relevance of developing methods of chemical and toxicological analysis for the determination of hellebore alkaloids is confirmed, which will increase the reliability of diagnosis and detection of cases of hellebore poisoning.



FEATURES OF THERAPY FOR ACUTE POISONING WITH JELLYFISH POISON (CLINICAL OBSERVATION)
摘要
Jellyfish, as representatives of marine fauna, contain toxic chemicals in their bodies and, if they come into contact with humans, can pose a threat to their health and safety. The article describes a clinical observation of a patient who received a chemical injury as a result of contact of the right upper limb with a venomous jellyfish (Medusa kornerot) and was hospitalized for 35 days with acute poisoning with animal toxin, chemical burns, toxic-allergic dermatitis, epidermolysis, soft tissue necrosis and compression-ischemic neuropathy. Laboratory results confirmed the presence of an inflammatory process, but without allergic and autoimmune components (leukocytosis 16,7 x 109/l, acceleration of ESR to 21 mm/h), revealed an increase in the level of transaminases upon admission: alanine aminotransferase 138.3 u/l (norm 0-31 u/l), aspartate aminotransferase 94,8 u/l (norm 0-31 u/l), gamma-glutamyltransferase 97 u/l (norm 0-32 units/l). Previous drug therapy, including the introduction of tetanus serum (once), antihistamines (chloropyramine), hormonal (prednisone), anticoagulants (heparin sodium), antispasmodics (Metamizole sodium, pitofenone hydrochloride, fenpiverinium bromide), antiplatelet agents (pentoxifylline, nicotinic acid), calcium gluconate, multivitamins in therapeutic doses, the application of bandages «gelonet», «fibrotul Argentum», was not effective enough. Complex therapy with cellular metabolism regulators, antihypoxants, cholinesterase inhibitors using hyperbaric oxygenation and membrane plasmapheresis allowed to achieve a lasting effect: to stop the pain syndrome, normalize the disturbed functions of internal organs and the affected limb, avoid surgery, and fully restore working capacity. This complex of therapeutic measures should be used in the treatment of patients with this pathology



DETERMINATION OF RICIN IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES USING BIOASSAY
摘要
A bioassay of ricin toxicity in environmental samples using real-time cell index monitoring is proposed. The halfmaximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ricin was estimated at 6,7 ng/ml for human hepatoma HepaRG cells proliferation. The antibodies to A- and B-subunits in HepaRG cell media lead to cytoprotective and antiapoptotic effects against the cytotoxicity of ricin. The antibodies neutralised activation of JNK kinase (phosphorylated at Thr183/Tyr185) and prevented accumulation of the active forms of caspase 8 (hydrolysed to Asp384) and caspase 9 (hydrolysed to Asp315) induced by ricin in HepaRG cells. The tested antibodies also prevented a decrease in the intracellular levels of the active forms of Akt 1 kinase (phosphorylated at Ser473) and transcription factor p53 (phosphorylated at Ser46) caused by ricin. The bioassay with antibodies can be considered as a specific method for identifying the toxin in environmental samples.



STUDY OF THE LIPID PIGMENT COMPOSITION IN THE WHITE SEA ALGAE SACCHARINA LATISSIMA USING TLC AND MALDI-MS
摘要
The qualitative composition of the most important biologically active lipid substances-carotenoids and chlorophyll derivatives of the White sea algaeSaccharina latissimahas been studied. The lipid extract was separated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and examined by matrix-associated laser desorption-ionization with mass-spectrometric analysis (MALDI-MS). The extract contained fucoxanthin, fucoxanthinol, pheophytin a, pheophorbide a, as well as other carotenoids and chlorophylls, including those not described in the literature. The results obtained, which significantly expand the information about the composition of S. latissima pigments, can be used to standardize raw materials and preparations based on these algae.



New information on toxicity and hazard of chemical and biological substances
TOXICITY AND HAZARD OF ZOLMITRIPTAN (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)
摘要
Zolmitriptan is a widely used antimigraine drug, belongs to the group of second-generation tryptans, has a pronounced central mechanism of action and high selectivity to serotonin receptors of 5HT1D- and 5HT1B-types. Zolmitriptan belongs to hazard class 3 according to GOST 12.1.007-76: DL50 are 660 (495 - 881) mg/kg for male mice and 1045 (749 - 1292) mg/kg for female mice when administered into the stomach. When injected into the abdominal cavity, DL50 is 172 (131 - 225) mg/kg for male mice. The drug has a weak irritating effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes, does not irritate the skin, there are no signs of skin-resorptive action, and has a low ability to accumulate. The threshold of acute inhalation action is set at 0,9 mg/m3 for the effect on the functional state of the nervous system and liver. For the zolmitriptan aerosol, it is recommended to approve the tentative safe exposure level in the air of the working area at 0,01 mg/m3 and the tentative safe exposure level in the atmospheric air of urban and rural settlements at 0,0001 mg/m3.



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