Nº 2 (2025)

In many recent studies a positive impact of democracy on economic growth has not been reasserted. However, international organizations insist that developing countries implement democratic principles in their political systems in order to ensure sustainable and balanced growth of national economies. The article shows that the connecting element between these two variables is public administration with its performance improvable both within a democratic and an autocratic regime. At the same time, in the course of studying the experience of Uzbekistan, it was found that autocratic regimes are capable of ensuring high rates of economic growth, but it will not be accompanied by the evolution of national economy.

The article analyses the dynamics of global patent statistics in the field of computer and information technologies. It is shown that in the period 2019–2023 the share of four leading countries accounted for more than 90% of the total number of published patent applications in the field under consideration. It is shown, that low patent activity of Russia in those years was characterized by negative dynamics of patent applications publication. The authors identify the factors causing the unsustainability of local patenting practice in Russia and creating barriers to the registration of rights to intellectual property objects outside the national jurisdiction. The authors come to the conclusion, that it is necessary to adjust the scientific, technological and industrial policy aimed at stimulating the patent activity of Russian applicants, with a focus on strengthening the regulatory environment and improving the legal framework.

The article substantiates the need to take into account the trends in the development of social processes in the development of production systems of modern companies. The purpose of the study is to identify the influence of these trends on the composition and specific content of the properties of production systems. The article presents the author’s approach to determining the set of properties of production systems, including traditional and emerging properties. The content of emerging properties is determined and directions for further research are outlined.

The article considers the current issues of microbusiness taxation. An assessment of various taxation regimes for entrepreneurs in the Republic of Uzbekistan is made. It is revealed that turnover tax and fixed-rate tax are more attractive for microbusiness entrepreneurs than VAT or income tax. The use of VAT does not contribute to the expansion of trade relations between small, medium, large businesses and microbusinesses. The author proposes to maintain the existing tax regime for microbusiness entities in the form of turnover tax at a fixed rate (on a voluntary basis). Recommendations for improving microbusiness taxation in the context of economic reform are substantiated.

The author examines the formation of a theoretical approach to the development of a typology of structural changes in socio-economic environment of the Russian Federation in the context of current challenges. The article presents theoretical approaches to the study of the concept of “structural changes”, identifies the features of the transformations occurring in the national and regional economy, and develops a typology of the dynamics of the socio-economic environment based on the parameters of the reforms being carried out and the time period for which they are characteristic.