The vegetation cover response in the eastern Sayan foothills to the Holocene climate extremes (the Bolshoye peat bog case study)

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Abstract

Article provides the results of palaeoecological reconstruction of vegetation cover changes and climatic conditions at the foot of the Eastern Sayan northwestern macroslope over the past 6600 years. The results are based on radiocarbon AMS dating, pollen, macrofossils, NPP, macrocharcoal and testate amoebae analyses of peat deposits from Bolshoe bog situated on the Yenisei River right bank. It was established that the waterlogging process was initiated by the pyrogenic factor. During the last approximately 6000 cal. a BP dark coniferous forests with a dominant position of Pinus sibirica were common in the foothills. The change in climatic conditions towards decreased moisture availability 4050–3600 cal. a BP contributed to the lower border of dark conifers rise and the strengthening of forest-steppe communities with Betula sect. Albae. This period is characterized by the most dramatic transformations. Less prolonged periods of forest lightening occurred in 3170–3080, 1850–1720, 490–400 and 310–220 cal. a BP, when the taiga and cold deciduous forest biomes were of almost equal importance. The most significant expansion of the dark conifers range began 1600 cal. a BP and reached a maximum 1350–1230 cal. a BP, which can be correlated with Dark Ages Cold Period. Based on the macrocharcoal analysis results six stages of increased fire activity were identified: 6500–6300, 4300–3600 (includes 4 fire episodes, characterized by the shortest fire intervals), 3400–2800, 1800–1550, 1200–1000, and from 150 cal. a BP to present. Based on a multy-proxy analysis, periods of increased moisture were established: 6300–5320, 4700–4200, 3080–2900, 2820–2390, 1720–1230, 400–310 and 130–70 cal. a BP. The decreased moisture was characteristic of the intervals 5320–4960, 4050–3600, 2390–2220, 1000–700 cal. a BP.

About the authors

A. V. Grenaderova

Siberian Federal University, Institute of Ecology and Geography

Author for correspondence.
Email: grenaderova-anna@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk

A. B. Mikhailova

Siberian Federal University, Institute of Ecology and Geography

Email: grenaderova-anna@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk

I. V. Kurina

Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems, Siberian Branch of the RAS

Email: grenaderova-anna@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Tomsk

O. V. Podobueva

Siberian Federal University, Institute of Ecology and Geography

Email: grenaderova-anna@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Location of the study area. Аsterisk – sampling point of the “Bolshoye” peat column. (a) – position of the studied region, indicating the location of paleoarchives from literary sources: 1 – Pinchinskoye mire (Mikhailova et al., 2021), 2 – Bolshoe Spoloshinskoe mire (Grenaderova et al., 2021), 3 – stalagmite multiproxy record from Torgashinskaya Cave (Columbu et al, 2023), 4 – tree-ring cellulose chronologies “Mongun” (Myglan et al., 2012;), 5 – Maly Labysh mire (Blyakharchuk, Pupysheva, 2022), 6 – Malay Chile (Teletskoye Lake) (Chernykh et al., 2014), 7 – “Yarma” (Bezrukova et al., 2004), 8 – peat sequence, located in vicinity of the town of Igarka (Novenko et al., 2022); (б) – relief map of the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (built using the geographic information system QGIS 3.32.3-Lima); (в) – position of the study area (satellite image).

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3. Fig. 2. Pollen diagram for the peat core Bolshoe. AP + NAP = 100%; AP – arboreal pollen; NAP – non-arboreal pollen. Exaggeration curves ×10. The plus sign denotes single pollen grains.

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4. Fig. 3. Spores and non-pollen palynomorphs diagram for the peat core Bolshoe.

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5. Fig. 4. Macroscopic charcoal accumulation rate in the peat core Bolshoe. 1 – contours of the interpolated charcoal influx; 2 – modeled background influx of charcoal, pcs./cm2 year; 3 – charcoal peaks (the difference between the interpolated inflow value and the background inflow value); 4 – peaks not exceeding threshold; 5 – fire episode.

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6. Fig. 5. Age-depth model for the peat core Bolshoe calculated in the Clam package of the R program (Blaauw, 2010) using the IntCal20 calibration curve (Reimer et al., 2020).

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7. Fig. 6. Plant macrofossil diagram, peat types, ash-content, gumification for the peat bog Bolshoe. 1 – moss tow; types of peat: 2 – moss, 3 – wood-sphagnum transitional, 4 – pine transitional, 5 – sphagnum transitional, 6 – wood-sedge transitional, 7 – hypnum transitional, 8 – sedge-hypnum eutrophical, 9 – wood eutrophical, 10 – wood transitional.

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8. Fig. 7. Summary diagram of palaeoecological conditions indicators according to Bolshoe peat bog reconstruction. Percentage ratio of light-coniferous and dark-coniferous pollen, pollen of the main trees (AP percentage), change in the wood macroresidues amount (bark and wood), microcoal (% of NPP), macrocoal (pcs/cm³), stages of fire-fighting activities, solar insolation for 55° N. (after Berger, Loutre, 1991), intervals of increasing (dark tone) and decreasing (light tone) humidification, dynamics of dominant vegetation types (biome).

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