Magnesium (Mg2+): Essential Mineral for Neuronal Health: From Cellular Biochemistry to Cognitive Health and Behavior Regulation

  • Authors: Kumar A.1, Mehan S.2, Tiwari A.3, Khan Z.4, Gupta G.5, Narula A.6, Samant R.7
  • Affiliations:
    1. Department of Pharmacology, Division of Neuroscience, ISF College of Pharmacy, (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University,
    2. Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology,, , ISF College of Pharmacy, (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University
    3. Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology,, ISF College of Pharmacy, (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University
    4. Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University
    5. Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University
    6. , Narula Research, LLC,
    7. Department of Research and Development, Celagenex Research
  • Issue: Vol 30, No 39 (2024)
  • Pages: 3074-3107
  • Section: Immunology, Inflammation & Allergy
  • URL: https://rjsvd.com/1381-6128/article/view/645967
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128321466240816075041
  • ID: 645967

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Abstract

:Magnesium (Mg2+) is a crucial mineral involved in numerous cellular processes critical for neuronal health and function. This review explores the multifaceted roles of Mg2+, from its biochemical interactions at the cellular level to its impact on cognitive health and behavioral regulation. Mg2+ acts as a cofactor for over 300 enzymatic reactions, including those involved in ATP synthesis, nucleic acid stability, and neurotransmitter release. It regulates ion channels, modulates synaptic plasticity, and maintains the structural integrity of cell membranes, which are essential for proper neuronal signaling and synaptic transmission. Recent studies have highlighted the significance of Mg2+ in neuroprotection, showing its ability to attenuate oxidative stress, reduce inflammation, and mitigate excitotoxicity, thereby safeguarding neuronal health. Furthermore, Mg2+ deficiency has been linked to a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline. Supplementation with Mg2+, particularly in the form of bioavailable compounds such as Magnesium-L-Threonate (MgLT), Magnesium-Acetyl-Taurate (MgAT), and other Magnesium salts, has shown some promising results in enhancing synaptic density, improving memory function, and alleviating symptoms of mental health disorders. This review highlights significant current findings on the cellular mechanisms by which Mg2+ exerts its neuroprotective effects and evaluates clinical and preclinical evidence supporting its therapeutic potential. By elucidating the comprehensive role of Mg2+ in neuronal health, this review aims to underscore the importance of maintaining optimal Mg2+ levels for cognitive function and behavioral regulation, advocating for further research into Mg2+ supplementation as a viable intervention for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions.

About the authors

Aakash Kumar

Department of Pharmacology, Division of Neuroscience, ISF College of Pharmacy, (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University,

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Sidharth Mehan

Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology,, , ISF College of Pharmacy, (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

Aarti Tiwari

Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology,, ISF College of Pharmacy, (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Zuber Khan

Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Ghanshyam Gupta

Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Acharan Narula

, Narula Research, LLC,

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Rajaram Samant

Department of Research and Development, Celagenex Research

Email: info@benthamscience.net

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