Nº 1 (2016)

The objective of the present research was a clarification of possibility of secondary damage to biological objects in a remote period (100 days) after application of irritants chloracetophenone, ortochlorbenzylidenmalonodinitrile, dibenzoxazepine and morpholide of pelargonic acid as components of the gas weapon. In a model experiment, irritants were applied to a fabric target in a quantity corresponding to an estimated concentration arising at the dispersion of a gas spray from a distance of 0.5 meters and 1.5 meters. Data are submitted on a remaining irritant in the target object after 100 days at an open way of storage The toxicity assessment of irritants to a biological test object zoohydrobiont Daphnia magna Straus was carried out. The concentration of irritants extracted from the target object were compared to their toxicity to Daphnia. It was established that chloracetophenone, dibenzoxazepine, and pelargonic acid morphodine preserved their activity and possibility to affect an ecosystem more than 100 days after their application . At the maximum extraction from the target, ortokhlorbenzylidenmalonodinitrile does not preserve its biological activity 100 days after application.

The article summarizes experimental data on toxicological interactions of blocker of amplodipine slow calcium channels with angiotensin II (AT1 subtype) receptors blockers (valsartan and losartan). Toxicity studies were performed in outbred rats after a single intragastric administration in doses permitting to estimate lethal doses for the objects under investigation (amlodipine, valsartan, losartan, amlodipine+ losartan 1:10, amlodipine+ losartan 1:20, amlodipine + valsartan 1:16, amlodipine + valsartan 1:32). Based on the research outcome, the possibility of different types of toxicological interaction is shown between representatives of classes of slow calcium channels blockers and angiotensin II receptors blockers: from potentiation of toxic effects to the antagonism in relation to toxicity. Identified toxicological interactions in fixed combinations depend on the proportion of active ingredients in the combination, as well as on modes of action features and pharmacokinetics of each active ingredient.

Toxicity effects of «Cigalin» and «Ferocit» lyophilizates used for formulation of the radiopharmaceutical preparation 68Ga-citrate were studied in animal organisms (rats, mice). Good tolerability, absence of pronounced intoxication symptoms, allergenic effects and animal deaths were noted in experiments using a recommended clinic dose of lyophilizates. «Cigalin» didn’t produce toxicity effects influencing on statistically significant changes in blood main hematological and biochemical parameters. Similar changes in case of «Ferocit» used in multiple doses were functionally reversible. The results permit to characterize 68Ga-citrate as safe for clinical applications in radionuclide diagnostics for PET imaging of inflammation and infection.

An attempt was made to estimate the dimension of direct toxic effects of exposure to Cd on the basis of researches on reproductive parameters in small mammals in natural populations ( on the example of red-backed vole) inhabiting localities of large-scale non-ferrous metal plants and comparison of results obtained with outcome of toxicological experiments ( chronic exposure of female rats to Cd) ). It was expected that at the existing pollution levels, embryonic losses caused by direct toxic effect of Cd shouldn’t exceed 7%; however actual losses significantly exceeded extrapolation results. Distinctions observed are caused by impact of external and internal factors influencing reproductive potential on fulfillment of reproduction of animals in natural populations.