Regularities of structure formation of composite materials based on polystyrene foam and lignin-containing waste

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Abstract

This article discusses issues related to the formation of the structure of composite materials. The effect of using a single-component and combined organic filler in the composition of a composite is studied using IR spectral analysis. The mechanism of π-stacking interaction during the formation of an adhesive shell of a polystyrene foam granule is presented. The process of forming the macrostructure of a composite with the introduction of an organomineral binder is considered. To study the effect of nanosized additives on composites, the results of thermomechanical studies are presented using the method of measuring the deformation of uniaxial compression under the influence of a continuously acting load under conditions of heating the sample at a constant rate. The nature of the influence of modifying polystyrene foam granules on ensuring the dense structure of the material has been established. The introduction of modified polystyrene foam granules causes the ordering of the composite matrix due to the construction of a complex structure-forming system that plays the role of a framework. Based on wood-plant and polystyrene foam fillers, compositions of heat-insulating and structural heat-insulating materials with a density of 250–600 kg/m3, thermal conductivity of 0.035–0.135 W/(moC), compressive strength up to 2.8–4.5 MPa, bending strength up to 1.5–2 MPa were obtained.

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About the authors

O. E. Smirnova

Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SIBSTRIN)

Author for correspondence.
Email: smirnova.olj@yandex.ru

Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) 

Russian Federation, 113, Leningradskaya Street, Novosibirsk, 630008

А. P. Pichugin

Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SIBSTRIN)

Email: gmunsau@mail.ru

Doctor of of Sciences (Engineering), Professor 

Russian Federation, 113, Leningradskaya Street, Novosibirsk, 630008

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Ranking of organic raw materials by lignin content

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3. Fig. 2. IR spectra of single-component (a) and combined (b) organic fillers

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4. Fig. 3. The process of introducing modified granules: a – non-pressed polystyrene foam; b – polystyrene foam granule treated with a 60% aqueous solution of dimethyl ketone; c – composite material based on wood and plant waste and polystyrene foam

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5. Fig. 4. Mechanism of π-stacking interaction during the formation of the adhesive shell of the granule

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6. Fig. 5. Scheme of formation of a macro-cluster: 1 – modified layer; 2 – organic filler particles; 3 – contact zones

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7. Fig. 6. Micrographs of macro-cluster formation: a – modified polystyrene foam granule; b – overlapping of boundary layers in the interaction zone of the adhesive shell of the polystyrene granule with filler particles; c – contact zone of a closed-branched macro-cluster

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8. Fig. 7. The effect of modification of polymer silicate binder by introducing nano-sized additives: 1 – silica sol; 2 – Tuball; 3 – without additives

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9. Fig. 8. Effect of modification of polymer silicate binder by introducing nano-sized additives (silica sol): 1 – no additives; 2 – silica sol 0.05%; 3 – silica sol 0.1%

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