Influence of print heads on the additive manufacturing process: material selection for printing, and ensuring design characteristics of building products and structures

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Abstract

The design of material compositions for construction 3D printing is primarily aimed at meeting the design requirements imposed on building structures and products. The main design requirements are typically strength and deformation characteristics, durability over the service life, as well as the technological properties of materials that ensure high-quality production during the manufacturing of building products and structures. In the process of 3D printing, the most commonly used materials are dry construction mixtures, for which it is necessary to consider all stages of the technological process during composition design, starting from the dosing stage, to significantly simplify preparation. This paper examines the key aspects of the influence of print heads on the requirements for materials used in construction 3D printing, their technological properties, and the anisotropy of properties in construction materials and products. A review and analysis of various types of print heads is conducted, and the physical and mechanical processes occurring during printing are considered. The main technological factors affecting the physical and mechanical properties of construction materials and products are analyzed, which must be taken into account when designing compositions.

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About the authors

D. V. Konshin

National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering

Author for correspondence.
Email: dmitrijkonshin@yandex.ru

Engineer, Postgraduate Student 

Russian Federation, 26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337

A. P. Pustovgar

National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering; Institute of Mechanical Engineering named after A.A. Blagonravov Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: PustovgarAP@mgsu.ru

Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) 

Russian Federation, 26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337; 4, Maliy Kharitonyevsky lane, Moscow, 101000

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Bending of the extruder nozzle

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3. Fig. 2. Printing test samples with an extended nozzle

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4. Fig. 3. Sticking of mixture on the auger

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5. Fig. 4. General view of the hopper: Dц – diameter of the cylindrical part of the hopper; Lц – length of the cylindrical part of the hopper; Dэ – diameter of the cylindrical part of the extruder; Lэ – length of the cylindrical part of the extruder; φ – angle of the conical part of the hopper

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6. Fig. 5. Print head: 1 – housing; 2, 3, 4 – storage hoppers; 5, 6, 7 – mixing and feeding shafts; 8, 9, 10 – shaft drives; 11, 12, 13, 14 – interchangeable nozzles; 15, 16, 17 – formed layers

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