All transmitters within a single oocyte: a transcriptome analysis of embryonic transmitter systems

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Abstract

The present study focuses on the potential component structure of prenerve transmitter systems in cells of pre-implantation mammalian embryos. A number of classical neurotransmitters have been shown to exhibit functional activity at the early stages of the development of multicellular organisms, including mammals. The present study provides analysis of the expression of key neurotransmitter systems components during early mouse development using accessible next-generation sequencing and transcriptomics data. The findings indicate the presence of receptors and other components of numerous transmitter systems in oocytes and embryos, encompassing serotoninergic, dopaminergic, adrenergic, cholinergic, GABAergic systems, as well as glutamate and histamine systems. The observed diversity suggests the possible convergence of different transmitter systems in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis at the level of common terminal elements of intracellular signalling cascades and effectors. These results offer novel insights and directions for further research, particularly concerning the interactions between diverse transmitters and their function in regulating cellular differentiation and morphogenesis.

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About the authors

Yu. B. Shmukler

Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: yurishmukler@yahoo.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

N. M. Alyoshina

Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ninalyoshina@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

Yu. O. Nikishina

Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: y.nikishina@idbras.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

V. S. Frolova

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: frolova.veronika.2014@post.bio.msu.ru

Faculty of Biology, Department of Embryology

Russian Federation, Moscow

D. A. Nikishin

Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: d.nikishin@idbras.ru

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Embryology

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Components of the serotonergic system and their expression in early mouse development. Data are presented as values ​​normalized to the GHG reference coefficient. Legend: synthesis — genes encoding proteins, enzymes of synthesis, d — degradation, receptor — proteins of serotonin receptors, mt — membrane transporter, and vt — vesicular transporters. Illustration created using biorender.com.

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3. Fig. 2. Components of the dopamine and adrenergic systems and their expression in early mouse development. Data are presented as values ​​normalized to the GHG reference coefficient. Legend: synthesis — genes encoding proteins of synthesis enzymes, d — degradation, receptor — proteins of receptors to dopamine and adrenaline, mt — membrane transporters and vt — vesicular transporters. Illustration created using biorender.com.

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4. Fig. 3. Components of the cholinergic system and their expression in early mouse development. Data are presented as values ​​normalized to the GHG reference coefficient. Legend: mr — genes encoding proteins of metabotropic (muscarinic) receptors, ir subunits — subunits of ionotropic (nicotinic) receptors, vt — vesicular transporter. Illustration created using biorender.com.

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5. Fig. 4. Components of the GABAergic system and their expression in early mouse development. Data are presented as values ​​normalized to the GHG reference coefficient. Legend: c — genes encoding protein synthesis enzymes, d — degradation enzymes, ir subunits — ionotropic (GABA-A) receptor subunits, sr — GABA-A receptor-associated proteins, mr — metabotropic receptors, vt — vesicular transporter. Illustration created using biorender.com.

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6. Fig. 5. Components of the glutamatergic system and their expression in early mouse development. Data are presented as values ​​normalized to the GHG reference coefficient. Legend: AMPA-p — genes encoding proteins of the AMPA receptor subunit and proteins interacting with this receptor, kr — subunits of kainate receptors, NMDA-p — subunits of NMDA receptors, metabotropic p — metabotropic receptors, mt — membrane transporter. Illustration created using biorender.com.

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7. Fig. 6. Components of the histamine system and their expression in early mouse development. Data are presented as values ​​normalized to the GHG reference coefficient. Legend: c — genes encoding protein synthesis enzymes, d — degradation enzymes, p — histamine receptors, vt — vesicular transporter. Illustration created using biorender.com.

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