Study of the Acoustic Perceptibility of Vehicles Moving with a Constant Speed

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription Access

Abstract

The paper presents the results of an experiment on the assessment of subjective indicators of acoustic perceptibility by pedestrians (experts) of a vehicle approaching at a constant speed (TS) and some conclusions. Subjective indicators of perceptibility were defined as the distance between the vehicle and the expert, at the moment when the expert heard (recorded) the sound of an approaching car, as well as the time of the car's approach to the expert at that moment. Subjective indicators of perceptibility are compared with the objective parameters of car noise measured by the method of UN Regulation No. 138 — the sound pressure level, its frequency response, as well as the sound level. The study is motivated by the problem of traffic safety of electrified vehicles with low noise, which include, in particular, electric cars, electric scooters and electric scooters. This article publishes the first results of a research paper devoted to the problem of increasing the perceptibility of low-noise vehicles for pedestrians without damaging the acoustic ecology of cities and suburbs.

Full Text

Restricted Access

About the authors

A. O. Subbotkin

A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences; Kar Systems LLC

Author for correspondence.
Email: subov-an@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow; Moscow

G. N. Kuznetsov

A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: subov-an@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

E. V. Talachev

Kar Systems LLC

Email: subov-an@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

G. A. Romanenko

Devesoft Rus LLC

Email: subov-an@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

A. S. Tyurin

Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences; Kar Systems LLC

Email: subov-an@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

References

  1. Zhang E.L., Peng Z.L., Li Z.J., Lin Y.B., Zhuo J.M. Four-Channel Active Noise Control Modeling and Offline Simulation for Electric Bus Sound Quality Based on Two FxLMS Algorithms // Acoust. Phys. 2024. V. 70. № 1. P. 143-152.
  2. Правила ЕЭК ООН № 138. Единообразные предписания, касающиеся официального утверждения бесшумных автотранспортных средств в отношении их пониженной слышимости. 05 октября 2016. 43 с.
  3. ГОСТ Р 53188.1-2019. Государственная система обеспечения единства измерений. ШУМОМЕРЫ. Часть 1. Технические требования.
  4. Римская-Корсакова Л.К., Пятаков П.А., Шуляпов С.А. Оценки раздражающего действия шума // Акуст. журн. 2022. Т. 68. № 5. С. 550–561.
  5. Цвикер Э., Фельдкеллер Р. Ухо как приемник информации. Изд. 2. 1971.
  6. Вахитов Я.Ш. Слух и речь. Л.: ЛИКИ. 1973. Т. 124.
  7. Sakamoto I., Tanaka T., Sekine M., Morita K., Masayuki S., Takeshi K. and Yoshiike A. Reviews on countermeasure to safety risk associated with quietness of hybrid or electric vehicles in Japan // Proc. Inter-noise 2010. 2010. 8 p.
  8. Guideline for the Approaching Vehicle Audible System. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), 2010. (in Japanese)
  9. Proposal for guidelines on measures ensuring the audibility of hybrid and electric vehicles. Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), Annex 2, ECE/TRANS/WP.29. Geneva, Swizerland, 2011.
  10. On the sound level of motor vehicles and of replacement silencing systems: Regulation (EU) No 540/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014, amending Directive 2007/46/EC and repealing Directive 70/157/ EEC // Official Journal of the European Union 158. 2014. P. 131–195.
  11. Quieter Cars and the Safety of Blind Pedestrians: The NHTSA Research Plan, April 2009. www.regulations.gov (Docket No. NHTSA-2008-0108-0025)
  12. Garay-Vega, et al. Quieter Cars and the Safety of Blind Pedestrians: Phase I, Report No. DOT HS811 304, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Washington, DC. 2010.
  13. Garay-Vega et al. Quieter Cars and the Safety of Blind Pedestrians, Phase 2: Development of Potential Specifications for Vehicle Countermeasure Sounds, Report No. DOT HS811 496. Dept. of Transportation, Washington, DC. 2011.
  14. Evans L.R. and Harris J.R. Quieter Vehicle Performance Test Development Research Report, Report No. DOT HS810, Dept. of Transportation, Washington, DC.
  15. Hastings A., Guthy C. and Pollard J.K. Research on Minimum Sound Specifications for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles, Report No. DOT HS810, Dept. of Transportation, Washington, DC.
  16. Проект рекомендаций по глобальным техническим правилам, касающимся систем звукового оповещения о наличии транспортного средства для бесшумных автотранспортных средств, ECE/TRANS/WP.29/GRB, 56 сессия, Женева, 3–5 сентября 2012 г.
  17. Moore, et al. A model for the prediction of thresholds, loudness, and partial loudness // J. Audio Eng. Soc. 1997. V. 45(5).
  18. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Minimum Sound Requirements for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles; Notice of proposed rulemaking, Dept. of Transportation, Washington, DC, Federal Register. V. 78. No. 9. January 14, 2013. P. 2798–2868.
  19. Pedestrian Safety Enhancement Act of 2010, Public Law No: Public Law No. 111–373 (01/04/2011).
  20. GB/T 37153-2018. Acoustic vehicle alerting system of electric vehicles running at low speed, State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. December 2018.
  21. Технический Регламент Таможенного Союза ТР ТС 018 / 2011 “О безопасности колесных транспортных средств”.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download
2. Fig. 1. Diagram of the measuring platform

Download (77KB)
Indexing metadata
3. Fig. 2. Diagram of a part of the measuring area

Download (81KB)
Indexing metadata
4. Fig. 3. The results of measuring the fixation time for 27 Tesla Model 3 passes at a constant speed of 40 km/h

Download (85KB)
Indexing metadata
5. Fig. 4. Median values of the results of the assessment by all experts of (a) — the time and (b) — distance of the entrance for vehicles without the AVAS system enabled

Download (153KB)
Indexing metadata
6. Fig. 5. Measurement results according to the method [2] (a) — the maximum sound level and (b) — the maximum sound pressure level

Download (133KB)
Indexing metadata
7. Fig. 6. Measurement results according to the method [2] of the frequency characteristics of the maximum values of the sound pressure level in 1/3 octave bands for speeds (a) — 10 and (b) — 20 km/h

Download (170KB)
Indexing metadata
8. Fig. 7. Median values of the results of the assessment by all experts of the arrival time for electrified vehicles with the AVAS system running in comparison with the values for the switched-off AVAS system

Download (82KB)
Indexing metadata
9. Fig. 8. Measurement results according to the method [2] of the maximum sound level for electrified vehicles with the AVAS system running in comparison with the values for the switched-off AVAS system

Download (87KB)
Indexing metadata

Copyright (c) 2024 The Russian Academy of Sciences