Magnetic aerogels based on reduced graphite oxide – sorbents of the carcinogenic compound K2Cr2O7

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Abstract

Nanocomposites based on graphite oxide airgel and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (rGO ⋅ Fe3O4) are able to sorb potassium dichromate from aqueous solutions. The superparamagnetic nature of the composite makes it possible to extract it after the completion of the sorption process from the pollutant solution using an external magnetic field. The dependence of the degree of sorption of potassium dichromate by aerogels of the composition rGO ⋅ Fe3O4 on the mass of the sorbent, acidity, and temperature of the medium was studied. It has been shown that in order to increase the degree of potassium dichromate sorption by the rGO ⋅ Fe3O4 magnetic airgel, the process is best carried out at room temperature in media with low pH values. The results obtained make it possible to propose airgels based on graphite oxide and rGO ⋅ Fe3O4 iron oxide nanoparticles as environmentally friendly sorbents for water purification from the carcinogenic substance potassium dichromate. The proposed materials after the end of the sorption process can be completely removed from the reaction medium using an external magnetic field, thereby preventing their action as pollutants. It is important to note that the described 3D structures based on graphite oxide and nanoparticles of superparamagnetic iron oxide Fe3O4 are of practical importance for the treatment of wastewater from enterprises using an oxidative method for removing phenols, cresols, and cyan-containing substances from impurities using potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid.

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E. A. Eremina

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: ea_er@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

A. A. Dobrovolskii

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: ea_er@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

I. A. Lemesh

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: ea_er@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

A. V. Kaplin

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Semenov Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ea_er@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

A. V. Grigoryeva

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: ea_er@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

E. A. Gudilin

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: ea_er@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Results of X-ray phase analysis of samples containing graphite and iron oxide nanoparticles: a – graphite, b – GO, c – Fe3O4 nanoparticles, d – rGO ⋅ Fe3O4 aerogel.

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3. Fig. 2. Results of Raman spectroscopy: a – graphite, b – GO, c – rGO ⋅ Fe3O4 aerogel.

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4. Fig. 3. TEM images of nanoparticles of the original Fe3O4 (a) and in the composition of an aerogel based on graphite oxide and iron oxide (b).

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5. Fig. 4. Size distribution of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (columns) in free form (a) and in rGO ⋅ Fe3O4 aerogel (b). Solid curves are the Gaussian function of the particle size distribution. The average particle size is 16.35 (a) and 18.36 nm (b).

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6. Fig. 5. Dependences of saturation magnetization, normalized to the sample mass, on the magnetic field for Fe3O4 nanoparticles (1) and aerogel of the rGO ⋅ Fe3O4 composition (2).

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7. Fig. 6. Results of thermogravimetric analysis of aerogel of the composition rGO ⋅ Fe3O4.

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8. Fig. 7. Dependence of the degree of potassium dichromate sorption on time at different pH values ​​(a), K2Cr2O7 concentrations of 55.56 (1) and 166.67 mg/l (2) with a sorbent mass of 15 mg (b) and a sorbent mass of 5 (1) and 15 g (2) with a dichromate concentration of 166.67 mg/l (c).

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9. Fig. 8. Dependence of the degree of potassium dichromate sorption on temperature: T = 45 °C (■) and 25 °C (•).

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