Features of preserving the historical appearance of orthodox temple facades during engineering systems design

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Abstract

The analysis of the preservation of the facades of Orthodox churches built in different historical epochs is given. The issue of thermal stability of building enclosing structures is considered. The importance of taking into account the microclimate of the basements is noted. Examples of the implementation of modern engineering systems that do not violate the historical appearance of religious buildings are given. Further development of engineering systems, including the use of renewable energy sources and their impact on the historical appearance of Orthodox churches is analyzed.

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About the authors

А. G. Kochev

Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Author for correspondence.
Email: kochev.1961@mail.ru

Doctor of Sciences (Engineering)

Russian Federation, 65, Ilinskaya Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950

М. М. Sokolov

Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Email: araim1985@list.ru

Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)

Russian Federation, 65, Ilinskaya Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950

A. А. Fedotov

Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Email: kochev.1961@mail.ru

Graduate Student

Russian Federation, 65, Ilinskaya Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950

V. А. Uvarov

Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Email: kochev.1961@mail.ru

Graduate Student

Russian Federation, 65, Ilinskaya Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950

References

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  2. Grabar I. Istoriya russkago iskusstva. Arhitektura. T. 2. Istoriya arhitektury. Do-petrovskaya epoha [The history of Russian art. Architecture. Vol. 2. History of architecture. Pre-Petrine epoch]. Moscow: Knebel, 1913. 480 p.
  3. Baranovsky G.V. Arhitekturnaya enciklopediya vtoroj poloviny XIX veka. T. 1. Arhitektura ispovedanij [Architectural encyclopedia of the second half of the XIX century. Vol. 1. Architecture of confessions]. Saint Petersburg: Editorial board of the magazine “Stroitel’”, 1902. 516 p.
  4. Gnedich P.P. Istoriya iskusstv s drevnejshih vremyon [The history of art since ancient times]. Saint Petersburg: A.F. Marx, 1885. 506 p.
  5. Pavlovsky A.K. Course of heating and ventilation. Part 2. Central heating systems. Ventilation. St. Petersburg: Stroitel’, 1907. 440 p.
  6. Kochev A.G., Sokolov M.M. The influence of external aerodynamics on the microclimate of orthodox churches. Nizhny Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2017. 189 p.
  7. Kochev A.G., Sokolov M.M. Determination of the temperature of convective flows at the inner surfaces of enclosing structures of Orthodox churches. Stroitel`stvo i texnogennaya bezopasnost`. 2022. No. S1, pp. 239–245. (In Russian). EDN: LDAOYU
  8. Kochev A.G., Sokolov M.M., Lushin K.K. Air exchange calculation in traditional build-ings of orthodox churches In Russia. E3S Web of Conferences: 24, Moscow, 22–24 April 2021. Moscow, 2021. P. 04048. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126304048
  9. Kochev A.G., Sokolov M.M., Lushin K. K. Indoor Air Quality in Underground Premises of Ancient Churches. AIP conference proceedings: Electronic edition, Moscow, 20–22 April 2022. Moscow, 2023. P. 050014. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0143548
  10. Kochev A.G., Sokolov M.M., Kocheva E.A., Uvarov V.A. The influence of temperature regime on the preservation of religious buildings. Stroitel`stvo i texnogennaya bezopasnost`. 2023. No. S1, pp. 274–280. (In Russian). EDN: TBDOFM
  11. Uvarov V.A., Kochev A.G., Sokolov M.M. Numerical study of the flow during air convection in the church of the Holy Prince Alexander Nevsky. Izvestiya Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo arxitekturno-stroitel`nogo universiteta. 2024. No. 2 (68), pp. 17–25. (In Russian). EDN: DYQWJG. https://doi.org/10.48612/NewsKSUAE/68.2
  12. Lushin K.I. The connection of heat flows of heating devices and inertial characteristics of premises. BST: Byulleten` stroitel`noj texniki. 2023. No. 6 (1066), pp. 52–54. (In Russian). EDN: SLGRUK
  13. Kochev A.G., Gagarin V.G., Sokolov M.M., Kocheva E.A. The possibility of using renewable energy sources in the design of systems for creating and maintaining microclimate parameters in orthodox churches. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2022. No. 11, pp. 58–63. (In Russian). EDN: YLVRLJ. https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2022-11-58-63

Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Fragments of the facade of St. Sophia Cathedral in Veliky Novgorod, where elements of the historical walls are shown

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3. Fig. 2. The heads of ventilation (furnace) channels on the facade of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl (Vladimir region)

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4. Fig. 3. The heads of the furnace channels of the Annunciation Cathedral (XVI century) of the Kazan Kremlin

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5. Fig. 4. Furnace heads on the facades of the Transfiguration Cathedral (XVIII century). Valaam Island. Republic of Karelia

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6. Fig. 5. Examples of the implementation of natural ventilation systems in the refectory: a – heads with finials and "shell superstructures" (Volgograd); b – natural ventilation turbofan and "shell superstructures" (Bor); с – patented turbofan

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7. Fig. 6. Voskresensky skete, Republic of Karelia, Valaam Island: а – is the lower temple, located in the basement; b – is the upper temple

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8. Fig. 7. Thermograms of the joint operation of heating devices and underfloor heating and a window opening in the tent of the Trinity Church (Nizhny Novgorod). Fluctuations in the mobility of air above the underfloor heating at characteristic points at different heights when passing from north to south directions

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9. Fig. 8. An example of installing natural ventilation systems, solar panels, and a heat pump with internal and external circuits on a temple

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