Housing Construction

Even market leaders commissioning large volumes of housing are vulnerable when the cost of money rises sharply. Loan servicing becomes the main expense at a high key interest rate. The large bond loan repayment and then almost immediate appeal for support looks like a systemic tension signal. It is construction in small towns of the country can become the new market configuration foundation. Practice shows that plants which know how to calculate output, cost and capacity utilization are stable in a crisis, but not those that are equipped with the most expensive equipment. The industry is entering a modernization phase.

Precast-Monolithic housing construction technology is currently one of priorities for the domestic construction industry development. However, despite the undeniable advantages of this technology, buildings constructed with the precast-monolithic frame have a number of disadvantages limiting their mass use. Long-term practice of civil buildings structures technical inspection allowed the article authors to reveal a problem of detecting and evaluating defects in the precast-monolithic structures installation in addition to the known factors limiting the precast-monolithic systems development and widespread use. The revealed problem is caused by insufficient manufacturability of applied operational and acceptance control processes. Defects detection in the structures installation of a building load-bearing frame is carried out during the structures technical inspection with the methods regulated in SP 13-102–2003 “Rules for the load-bearing building structures inspection in buildings and structures”: design, working and as-built documentation analysis; structures visual inspection; structural reinforcement parameters determination; concrete strength control of prefabricated and monolithic structural elements; welds quality control; verification calculations of the load-bearing frame and its individual structural elements for existing or design loads. The article presents a structured list of the most common defects in the load-bearing precast-monolithic structures of the civil buildings frame installation (with the “KUB-2,5” system example). The defects were determined on the base of the technical surveys results carried out by the authors. A clear algorithm for the identified installation defects assessing is proposed. The installation defects presented in the article allow us to conclude that there is a need for thorough regulation of construction and installation work and subsequent operational construction control, including an algorithm for assessing the defects impact on the load-bearing frame reliability.

Demand for real estate in apartment buildings is falling for various reasons. These reasons are new facilities oversupply, high key bank rate, limited access to preferential financing and preferential mortgages cancellation. The new building market is currently undergoing a transformation. Despite the construction continuation the number of orders is significantly decreasing, which leads to the low workload of factories producing reinforced concrete products.

The relevance of the study is related to the need to have information about the calculated parameters of the outdoor climate in the warm season when choosing the thermal protection of fences in civil buildings equipped with local cooling systems, and the incompleteness of such data in the main regulatory document of the Russian Federation in this area – SP 131.13330.2025 “Building Сlimatology”. The subject of the study is the principles of choosing the average outdoor temperature for the cooling period and determining its duration. The purpose of the study is to obtain a methodology for calculating the degree-day cooling period, taking into account only the data in Table 6.1 SP 131.13330.2025 and information on the intensity of the solar radiation flux in the construction area. The objective of the study is to construct approximation relations for the average outdoor temperature and the duration of the cooling period at the selected boundary temperature of its beginning and end for specific construction areas. A combination of probabilistic and statistical approach with the theory of approximation of functions by generalized polynomials is used, which makes it possible to obtain an analytical expression for the duration and number of degree-days of the cooling period, valid for any settlements within the territory of the Russian Federation. The possibility of constructing a dependence form for the degree-day cooling period in the form of a product of linear and exponential multipliers is shown, based on an analysis of the data obtained earlier by the author on the probability distribution function of the urgent outdoor temperature. The results of the corresponding calculations for the climatic conditions of Moscow and some other cities of Russia are presented. It is noted that the presented dependence gives correct results for the actual values of the parameters and is suitable for use in engineering practice.

The results of studies of the parameters of swirling jets from supply units with air purification from dust of vertical surfaces of residential buildings are presented and their cleaning efficiency is estimated with determination of aerodynamic parameters using the proposed experimental installation. It is established that the efficiency of air purification of the supply unit from dust with a dispersion of 2.5–5 microns was 98.98%, with a dispersion of 8–10 microns – 99.34%. The paper presents empirical dependences of dust concentrations with particle sizes of 2.5–5 μm and 8–10 μm on the air velocity in the supply unit. According to the calculated data of the parameters of the supply jet in the service area, the air velocity corresponds to the permissible value for residential buildings, depending on the air flow rate. When comparing theoretical calculations and experimental data on air velocity on the axis of the inlet swirling jet at air flow rates of 90 and 140 m³/h, the difference was no more than 5.3–7.7%. With an increase in air flow rate from 90 to 300 m³/h, the coefficient of aerodynamic drag decreases by 1.3 times, and the pressure difference increases from 0.005 to 0.018 kPa. The results of the pressure difference and air aerodynamic resistance parameters are necessary for the justification and selection of a swirling supply fan.

The concept of an integrated environmental monitoring system is being developed to ensure trends in environmental pollution timely detection and crisis situations forecasting. Since 2024, scientists at the NArFU School of Engineering have been seasonally monitoring the natural environment (water, air, soil) state in the settlement of Solovetsky. Thus the accumulated analytical material can serve as a basis for a database providing an integrated approach to environmental monitoring creation and the measures for environmental standards compiling development on the territory of Bolshoy Solovetsky Island. In the database development two main libraries were created: one is data on sources pollution and a list of controlled pollutants for each element of the biosphere (atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere), and the other is a secondary database with indicators measured at a field work. Due to this software good integration an interactive map was created in order to link sampling points to the area and visualize all the information collected. Currently the map’s functionality includes: data editing, a new point adding, searching, filtering, and saving. In the future, it is about to be expanded to possibility of converting an interactive map into an Android-based mobile application. The developed software will be of key importance for the archipelago natural and cultural heritage preservation.