Analysis of diode mixers using the method of node potentials in generalized matrix form in the frequency domain. Part 2. Isolation between ports, miscondition effect, noise level

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Abstract

A method for theoretical analysis of “input-output” and “local oscillator-output” decouplings of three types of diode frequency converters is presented: balanced, double balanced, triple balanced. For two operating modes of the local oscillator – “non-intensive” and “intensive” – the dependences of the “input-output” decoupling of the balanced mixer on the load conductivity and on the amplitude of the local oscillator voltage were obtained. Theoretical analysis and modeling were carried out. It is shown that the error between the calculated results and the simulation results does not exceed 3 dB. Expressions are obtained for errors introduced by the technological spread of diode parameters, which make it possible to estimate the maximum achievable values of the mixer characteristics (transmission coefficient and port isolation). A method for analyzing the noise properties of mixers is presented, the output noise spectra are calculated for each of the circuit elements (input resistance, diodes and output resistance), and analytical expressions for noise coefficients are obtained. Theoretical noise figure estimates are confirmed by simulation results with an accuracy of 1 dB.

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About the authors

A. S. Korotkov

Peter the Great St-Petersburg Polytechnic University

Email: golovan_oa@spbstu.ru
Russian Federation, St-Petersburgh

O. A. Golovan

Peter the Great St-Petersburg Polytechnic University

Author for correspondence.
Email: golovan_oa@spbstu.ru
Russian Federation, St-Petersburgh

References

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Equivalent (a) and modified (b) circuits of a balanced mixer for analyzing the input-output decoupling: circuit nodes 1…6 are numbered in accordance with the numbering of the rows and columns of the mixer Y-matrix.

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3. Fig. 2. Equivalent circuit of a balanced mixer for analyzing the “heterodyne-output” decoupling: circuit nodes 1…4 are numbered in accordance with the numbering of the rows and columns of the mixer Y-matrix.

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4. Fig. 3. Equivalent noise circuit of a balanced mixer, transformed to a symmetrical form.

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5. Fig. 4. Equivalent circuit for analyzing the noise properties of the resistance RS: circuit nodes 1…3 are numbered in accordance with the numbering of the rows and columns of the mixer Y-matrix.

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6. Fig. 5. Equivalent circuit for analyzing the noise properties of a diode: circuit nodes 1…2 are numbered in accordance with the numbering of the rows and columns of the Y-matrix.

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7. Fig. 6. Equivalent circuit for analyzing the noise properties of the RL resistance: circuit nodes 1…3 are numbered in accordance with the numbering of the rows and columns of the mixer Y-matrix.

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8. Fig. 7. Dependence of the input-output decoupling of the balanced mixer circuit on the load conductivity (a) and on the local oscillator voltage amplitude (b) for the “intensive” (1, 2) and “non-intensive” (3, 4) local oscillator operating modes: 1, 4 calculation, 2, 3 modeling.

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Note

Первая часть статьи “Анализ диодных смесителей методом узловых потенциалов в обобщенном матричном виде в частотной области. Часть 1. Коэффициент передачи” опубликована на русском языке в журнале “Известия высших учебных заведений. Радиоэлектроника” и на английском языке в “Radioelectronics and Communications Systems” (2022. Т. 65. № 2).


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