Dynamics of the Content of Water-Soluble Forms of Carbon and Nitrogen in Soils in the First Years after Logging

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Abstract

Logging is one of the main anthropogenic factors that change forest ecosystems. An experiment was launched to study the effect of logging equipment on soil properties after cutting spruce forests in the middle taiga of the Komi Republic, during which the laying of drags with different numbers of passes of wheeled vehicles (forwarder PONSSE ELEPHANT) was carried out. Carbon (WSOC) and nitrogen (WSON) of water-soluble compounds play an important role in the global cycle of elements. The article presents the results of observations on the content of WSOC and WSON soils of indigenous forests (Albic Retisols) and deforestation soils that have experienced different loads: portage (3P – three passes of logging equipment, 10P – ten passes, 10P – followed by leveling). A significant increase in total carbon in soils after logging in the first two years was revealed. The greatest changes relate to the upper mineral horizons (EL and TURcwd), in which the carbon content increases 3–6 times (0.32–2.2%) compared with the soil values of the original forest (0.45%). A significant increase in the WSOC content in organogenic (up to 33.4 mg/g) and mineral horizons (up to 0.46 mg/g) soils after continuous logging was found, which is on average three times higher than the baseline values. The content of water-soluble nitrogen increases in the organogenic horizon from 0.23 to 2.12 mg/g two years after logging. In the mineral horizons after logging, the WSON index varied from 0.003 to 0.020 mg/g (values in the soil of the original forest were 0.002–0.011 mg/g). It is shown that an increase in the carbon and nitrogen content of water-soluble compounds can be considered a conditional diagnostic sign of the influence of logging activities on soil organic matter, since concentrations differ significantly from the initial indicators.

About the authors

V. V. Startsev

Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: vik.startsev@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6425-6502
Russian Federation, Syktyvkar

D. A. Severgina

Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: vik.startsev@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3464-2744
Russian Federation, Syktyvkar

A. A. Dymov

Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: vik.startsev@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Syktyvkar; Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Location of the clearcutting site and the study site. Site image taken from Google Maps

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3. Fig. 2. Profiles of the studied soils. IL - initial forest, P - apiary (left, bottom), 3P - transect on a drag with three passes, 10P - transect on a drag with ten passes, 10P - transect on a drag with ten passes and subsequent levelling

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4. Fig. 3. Carbon content Cobsh (a) and Cvs (b), nitrogen content Nobsh (c) and Nvs (d) in the upper mineral horizons EL and TURcwd for 2021-2022. ±Δ - boundaries of the absolute error interval at P = 0.95. Soil designations see Fig. 2

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5. Fig. 4. Seasonal dynamics of Сvs and Nvs in the studied soils of the original (2020) and apiary site (2021-2022) in organogenic (a) and mineral (b) horizons. ±Δ - boundaries of the absolute error interval at P = 0.95

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6. Fig. 5. Seasonal dynamics of Svs and Nvs in the upper mineral horizons of volok soils (2021-2022). ±Δ are the limits of the absolute error interval at P = 0.95. Soil designations see Fig. 2

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