Vol 100, No 4 (2021)
- Year: 2021
- Published: 13.05.2021
- Articles: 17
- URL: https://rjsvd.com/0016-9900/issue/view/9637
Articles


ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE
Influence of drinking water from water supply systems on the occurrence of urolithiasis in residents of the Primorsky territory in 1991–2015
Abstract
Introduction. The imbalance of macroelements in the soft low-mineralized drinking water of the Primorsky Territory water supply systems can be a risk factor for developing many somatic diseases in the population.
Aim: hygienic identification of the mineral composition components of drinking water, posing a risk factor for urolithiasis in children, adolescent, and adult populations over a 25-year follow-up period.
Methods include identification of formal statistical relationships between mean annual content of iron, silicon, manganese, calcium, magnesium, sodium, total hardness in drinking water (534 water pipes and 1929 wells), and incidence of urolithiasis in the population (34 administrative areas) by rank correlation analysis, identification cause-effect relations on medical-statistical and hygienic criteria, assessment of the geographical distribution of the attributive risk of urolithiasis at the population level.
Results. The relation “cause-effect” has been established between the paired ratio of calcium and magnesium in drinking water and incidence of urolithiasis in adults, adolescents, and children. Increased concentrations of silicon, manganese, and iron in drinking water do not affect the studied incidence level. The maximum risk of urolithiasis in the population is mainly located in the North and East of the Primorsky Territory.
Conclusions. An imbalance of calcium and magnesium against a background of magnesium deficiency in tap and well water is the priority risk factor of aquatic origin for urolithiasis in the Primorsky Territory; the features of the geographical distribution of the immediate risk of urolithiasis among the population make it possible to form a scientifically based plan for the sequence of implementation of primary prevention measures for this disease in the region.



Reference values of cadmium concentration in the hair of residents of the Gornyi Altai
Abstract
Introduction. There is a global trend of increasing the Cd level of the environment because of enlarged compounds content in the industry, agriculture (cadmium-phosphate fertilizers), burning solid and liquid fuels, and solid household waste. Data on the quantitative accumulation of Cd in human hair in various regions of Russia is necessary to determine Cd content reference value to evaluate the degree of its excess among the population.
Material and methods. The Cd content in the hair of the population of Gorno-Altaisk was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry to evaluate regional values to compare them with the all-Russian reference data.
Results. The average value of Cd concentration in the hair of the population of Gorno-Altaisk was 0.16 mg/kg; according to this index value, the excess was found in 34.9% of residents, relative to the all – Russian index - in 54.5%. Deviations from the upper limits of the biologically acceptable level were 6.5% and 1.6%, respectively.
Discussion. The study results coincide with the literature data on reference values and excess of the local populaton’s biologically acceptable level compared with other regions. There is a low probability of Cd ingestion with food and drinking water in concentrations exceeding acceptable values. Universal sources of Cd human body intake (solid-fuel heating systems, internal combustion engines) determine a homogeneous picture of Cd accumulation in the hair in the Gornyi Altai population in Altai and other regions.
Conclusion. The reference values of Cd content in the hair of residents of the administrative center of the Altai Republic correspond to the average values in the variation range of different regions, and the percentage of people who exceed the permissible level among the population of Gorno-Altaisk also does not differ from other industrial regions.



Evaluation of the quality composition of micromycetes in the air of the premises of stationary medical institutions
Abstract
Introduction. Today, micromycetes are the most common pathogens found in residential and industrial premises and in the hospital environment. At the same time, mold fungi are the cause not only of allergic diseases but also of mycoses of various localization. Mold fungi are hazardous for patients in hospitals on long-term treatment and exposed to immunosuppression factors. Medical personnel who spent a long time in rooms with high contamination by micromycetes in the air can develop mycogenic sensitization.
The aim of this work was to show the quantitative and qualitative composition of fungi surrounding the patient and the doctor in multidisciplinary hospitals.
Materials and methods. With the help of a microbiological aspirator, air samples were taken in the premises of class B of surgical and therapeutic departments, followed by sowing on Saburo agar. The identified fungi were identified using classical methods and MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry using Microflex LT (Bruker). Results. In the course of the study, the assessment of fungal contamination of class B premises in treatment and prophylactic institutions was carried out to assess the qualitative and quantitative composition. Also, comparing the composition and number of micromycetes between the premises of departments of different profiles was carried out. A high level of contamination of micromycetes in medical premises of class B – 100% of cases was revealed in studies of objects of the hospital environment. The structure of the identified fungi was very diverse. In all air samples were isolated fungi genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Alternaria, and Ulcoladium. Spores of these fungi belonging to opportunistic or saprophytes are found in the air everywhere. Still, a significant increase in microbial load due to micromycetes can cause such typical allergic diseases as bronchial asthma, allergic skin dermatoses, and allergies of other locations.
Conclusion. The study results revealed increased fungal contamination in healthcare facilities that require a more careful approach to compliance with the microclimate parameters.



Investigation of the psychophysiological response of passengers of fast trains with the different comfort level
Abstract
Introduction. To create a regulatory framework, including harmonized with European normative documents in terms of assessing passengers’ comfort, the standard of the enterprise STO RZD “Services in railway transport was developed. Rules for assessing the level of comfort of passengers on trains.” The objective of the study is to compare the indices of the comfort level of passengers, determined by the values of the accelerations acting on them, with the psychological sensations and physiological changes in the body arising in this case, depending on the rolling stock and the state of the track.
Material and methods. The experiment using ECG monitoring devices was carried out in four groups of eleven people, six men and five women aged 30-55 years. Additionally, in each group, a psychological survey of 11 more passengers was carried out. All of them were staff members of the Russian Railways divisions.
Results. When traveling on high-speed trains “Lastochka” and “Sapsan,” the respondents more often note drowsiness and an exhausted state’s progression. At the end of the trip, they often emphasize stiffness, discomfort, numbness, and numbness of the leg muscles, probably associated with an extended stay in a forced position in the absence of specific freedom movements. In the “lying” position, a person experiences less fatigue, which, according to the sensations, hardly differs from the conditions of a trip in a “sitting” position during short journeys. Regulatory changes in the cardiovascular system are manifested with the combined influence of uncanceled accelerations (the impact of centrifugal forces) and movement speed changes.
Conclusion. Carrying out a questionnaire survey and physiological measurements of the dynamics of heart rate fluctuations on the investigated sections of the routes in combination with the obtained technical data on the nature of mobile rail vehicles’ movement confirm the absence of critical discomfort for passengers when traveling on passenger and high-speed trains. The calculated values of the average and constant comfort levels are consistent and do not require correction of the corresponding scales’ values.



OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Sudden death from diseases of the system of the blood circulation in workers of enterprises of various industries of the economy of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Abstract
Introduction. In Russia and abroad, there has been a clear trend towards an increase in cases of sudden death in the workplace from circulatory system diseases over the past decade.
Materials and methods. During the study, the databases of the State Labor Inspectorate in the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2014-2018 were studied, including accident investigation reports, information on a special assessment of working conditions, medical examinations, forensic medical examinations, and other materials.
Results. The leading cause of sudden death in the workplace in more than 90% of cases were circulatory system diseases (CSD). The maximum number of cases of sudden death from CSD was recorded in the age group of 56-60 years. Working condit ions represented the overwhelming majority of the deceased - 82.8%. In 13.7% of cases, they were drivers of transport. The vast majority of deaths occurred in the morning (from 6 to 12) and daytime (from 12 to 18). The working conditions of workers from deceased CSD in most cases (59.8%) corresponded to the permissible class (class 2); under harmful conditions (subclass 3.1-3.3), 24.9% worked. Most often, some form of acute coronary heart disease (CHD) was mentioned as the immediate cause of death (64.0%). Among acute forms of coronary heart disease in medical documents, in more than 50% of cases, code I 24.8 “Other forms of acute coronary heart disease” was established. “Acute myocardial infarction” was verified in 11.1% of patients and was the leading cause of death in men. In the group “Cerebrovascular Diseases,” “Intracerebral hemorrhage” was most often diagnosed.
Conclusion. The obtained results substantiate the need to develop measures to prevent sudden death in the workplace, aimed primarily at preventing the development, progression, and early diagnosis of diseases of the circulatory system.



FOOD HYGIENE
The role of a balanced diet in the metabolism of nutrients
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to assess the metabolic status of the body when correcting the diet with a concentrated natural product.
Materials and methods. The diet of athletes was analyzed. The leading group (n = 15) received concentrated food products (CNP) for 20 days: No. 1 - 30.0 g and No. 2 - 20 g each. Blood indices including (total protein, uric acid, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, high and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, amylase) were assessed metabolic status: taken before, after, and in one month of taking CNP
Results. The diet’s calorie content was 5953.2-6494.4 kcal/day in the main and the comparison group corresponding to this cohort’s physiological need. The proportions of protein and fat exceeded the recommended ones; deficiency of carbohydrates accounted for 8.7%. The inclusion of CNP increased the ratio of slow carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and minor food components. In the leading group, the increase in urea and uric acid was less significant in terms of average indices, and the proportion of such people increased. Creatinine was significantly higher than baseline within one month after CNP administration. The increase in the proportion of people with increased total cholesterol is 2.9 times less; the share with a borderline high level decreased by 15.5%, in the comparison group, it increased by 5.6%. The proportion with low-density lipoproteins exceeding the reference value decreased from 61.5% to 30.0% in the comparison group - without dynamics (55.6%) and signs of dyslipidemia increased. In the main group, within the normal range, 76.9% of individuals had an increase in glucose, amylase by 5.7% (p = 0.049).
Conclusion. The diet is not macronutrient balanced. The use of CNP affected the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. It proved a more adequate energy supply for the activities of the persons of the main group. There has been shown the possibility of correcting the body’s metabolic processes with food products that reduces the risk of developing prenosological conditions during physical exertion, particularly fatigue and cardiovascular pathology.



HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Buccal Micronucleus Cytome Assay for the assessment health status of population living in the area of nuclear heritage
Abstract
Introduction. An essential task of hygiene is assessing the health status of the population living in areas with adverse environmental and hygienic conditions.
Materials and methods. A study of the health status of 50 children of three age groups was carried out in Dunay city, Primorsky Krai, located near the enterprise “The Far Eastern Center for Radioactive Waste Management, Far East Center “DalRAO.” Health status was assessed using the buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCA) to determine the cytogenetic and cytotoxic effects of environmental factors.
Results. The frequency of buccal cells with micronuclei in groups of children from the Dunay city varied within 0.33–0.47‰, which does not exceed the control level of 1.1%, determined within the framework of the international project HMNxl. The level of cytogenetic stress is defined as acceptable (but not low). Given the index of accumulation of cytogenetic damages, it is possible to rank the studied groups according to their cytogenetic status in the direction of deterioration: kindergarten children, older and younger schoolchildren.
Conclusion. The approach proposed in this study made it possible to quantitatively determine the mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of factors on the children’s population of the Dunay city. It can be recommended as an informative method for the population health status assessment during socio-hygienic monitoring, including in the territories of nuclear (legacy) sites.



Time trends in body mass index and obesity prevalence among youth students during 2000 to 2018 in Moscow, Russian Federation
Abstract
Introduction. The aim of the study. The investigation of the time-related dynamics of adiposity parameters in a socially and economically homogenous group of young people. To determine the pattern of change in their health parameters and assess the prevalence of different diseases associated with increased body weight.
Materials and methods. This study used the research titled "Massive anthropometric monitoring of physical development parameters of children, teenagers, and students" conducted from 2000 to 2018. The body mass index (BMI) of more than 6,400 students aged 17-18 years (2,971 young males and 3,418 young females) was examined. Then, we calculated the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among them. To determine the degrees of obesity, we compared the BMI values in our study with the World Health Organization's BMI ranges for corresponding age.
Results. Over the study period, the mean BMI values and 5th and 15th BMI percentiles were characterized by weak positive time-related trends. Furthermore, 85th and 95th percentiles demonstrated a higher rate of increased data values (female students). From 2000 to 2018, the prevalence of overweight among female students increased from 5.2% to 10.5%, and that of obesity rose from 1.7% to 4.6%. For male students, no significant increase occurred in the overweight prevalence.
Conclusions. To prevent chronic diseases associated with increased fat mass, attention should be paid to the mean values of different overweight parameters and the prevalence of extreme meanings in extensive population observations. Increased BMI among young females aged 17-18 years implies their possible elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases and other associated disorders later in life, related to nutrition disorders and lifestyle.



Psychophysiological characteristics of the features of the establishment of cognitive functions in senior pupils
Abstract
Introduction. The harmonious development of cognitive processes is a prerequisite for students’ successful mastering of the educational program.
The aim of the study is to give a psychophysiological characteristic of the peculiarities of the formation of cognitive functions in senior students.
Materials and methods. The study of the functional state of the central nervous system (CNS) by the process of variational chronoreflexometry was carried out in 300 senior pupils of the traditional general education school; the assessment of cognitive abilities and intellectual level development was evaluated by using computer tests.
Results. Pupils of the 9th and 11th grades were shown to have no significant differences in the CNS functional indices. In contrast, the CNS functional level was 1.6-1.7 times lower than the physiological norm. The nervous reaction’s stability was 1.3 -1.4 times, the level of functionality of the formed functional system was 1.3 times. The decrease in the level of CNS functioning of the studied adolescents was due to the consumption of reserve functional capabilities of the central nervous system and the body as a whole for the formation of cognitive functions, as evidenced by the development of verbal and non-verbal thinking in students from the 9th to the 11th grade, high speed of thinking processes, voluntary attention and its stability. It was proved that the development of thinking contributed to the formation of voluntary attention, an increase in its stability, and the degree of concentration, confirmed by the established correlation of moderate strength between the accuracy index and the level of formation of various types of thinking (r = 0,4).
Conclusion. The established features of students’ intellectual development during a three-year study can be taken into account when organizing the educational process in traditional educational institutions to increase the level of cognitive development and academic performance of students.



The prevalence of adolescent obesity in the world and the Russian Federation in 2012–2018
Abstract
Introduction. The spread of obesity in the world is currently a severe problem. WHO considered it possible to view obesity a “non-communicable epidemic of the XXI century.” Obesity in the adolescent generation is a determining factor in the development of diseases in adulthood. The paper analyzes the prevalence of adolescent obesity in the Russian Federation as a whole and the regions of the Federation and various countries of the world.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the prevalence of obesity in adolescents and assess the dynamics of the spread of this disease in Russia and the world, as well as factors affecting it and issues of prevention of this pathology.
Methods. The authors used analytical and statistical methods and performed the study and generalization of experience and comparative analysis. This study was retrospective and was conducted using statistical data from the Rosstat database and who databases. Histograms were used to illustrate rank distributions and dynamics of indicators. Calculated growth coefficients and chain and basic growth rates were used as statistical indices of disease dynamics.
Results. The paper deals with the dynamics of adolescent obesity in the world and the Russian Federation. The authors analyze the factors that affect obesity and issues of prevention of this pathology and determine the need to take urgent preventive measures to reduce the incidence of obesity.
Conclusion. The spread of obesity globally, which is already close to an epidemic, is a severe problem. Obesity in adolescents is the leading risk factor for developing obesity in adulthood. In this way, the state can create conditions that will help contain and possibly reduce the increase in the incidence of adolescent obesity.



From traditional to distance learning: hygienic problems of vision protection of students
Abstract
Introduction. Electronic devices (ED) are widespread among adolescents, filling their daily lives. The trend towards digitalization of all aspects of life is a global trend with the inevitable involvement of young people. The lack of existing preventive measures necessitates scientific research and intensification of work to promote a healthy lifestyle.
Materials and methods. In 2019, an online survey was conducted of 200 schoolchildren in grades 9-11, 498 students in 1-6 courses, and 251 parents. In April 2020, an online survey was conducted of 1587 students of 1-6 classes and 500 parents. Measurements of physical factors were carried out at the Dolgoprudnenskaya gymnasium and the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University. One thousand sixty-six schoolchildren and students were examined by an ophthalmologist with the help of the device “ARMISm”.
Results. Negative tendencies in the state of the organ of vision, observed by students, are primarily associated with increased use of stationary and mobile ED in all age groups. Students use various ED in places with insufficient artificial illumination. In educational institutions, such places are corridors, halls, recreation, where students use their electronic devices. There are currently no separate requirements for artificial lighting by using information and communication technologies outside of classrooms or work premises. During the period of distance learning, schoolchildren and students have been established to use one more ED in comparison with the period of traditional education. The long-term effect of using mobile ED is still unknown.
Conclusions. As a preventive hygienic measure for the protection of vision, it is recommended to use ED only in places with a good level of illumination, including artificial, with limited duration of continuous use of ED, with gymnastics for the eyes during breaks.



Health status and some indices of the day mode of preschool children as predictors of readiness for school learning
Abstract
Introduction. Low health potential and irrationally organized daily routine of preschool children can be predictors in the structure of causes of violations of cognitive development and behavior of the child.
Material and methods. An analysis of the health status of children aged 6 to 7 years old divided by age into three groups: 6-6.5, 6.5-7, and 7-7.5 years. Some indices of the preschool children’s daily routine, including sleeping and walking, were evaluated from the data taken from a questionnaire of parents and teachers.
Results. Analysis of the health groups of children aged 6 to 7.5 years old revealed the predominance of group II (48.46%). The number of children who fit into the first health group decreases from 6 to 7.5 years of age. The abnormalities in the musculoskeletal system of the body and ENT diseases, most chronic diseases, prove to be dominated conditions. Boys under seven years of age are significantly more likely to have functional mental disorders and ENT diseases. In general, according to the availability of daytime sleep, the mode of stay of preschoolers differs by 80.0% sleep during the day in kindergarten; 36.3% sleep at home. The length of night sleep in 77.7% of children does not meet the age norms. During the day outside of a preschool educational institution, the outdoor walks are noted in 76.1% of six to seven-and-a-half-year children. The duration of the walk, only in 24.1%, corresponds to the norm. The survey results did not reveal significant differences in the availability of daytime and nighttime sleep in children, depending on age. The number of children who have outdoor walks in their routine daily increases from 6 to 7.5 years of age. The duration of walks is dominated by boys in older age groups.
Conclusion. Children’s health potential and daily routine have their own characteristics during the preschool period, which can be considered a risk of developing maladaptation in upcoming systematic training at school.



HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
Methodology for environmental health assessment of adaptive response to professional activity factors as part of health risk assessment
Abstract
Introduction. The article presents the findings of a study of the adaptive responses of working people depending on their professional activity nature.
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the adaptive response of working people exposed to harmful and dangerous factors.
Material and methods. The research involved 225 people, including 157 cases exposed to different hazards and dangers: Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster relief workers (their average age was 59.2 ± 2.2 years (M ± m)); servicemen working with rocket fuels (their average age was 30.6 ± 1.3 years (M ± m)); and service members participated in combat operations (their average age was 32.0 ± 0.8 years (M ± m)). A set of standard methods was used to assess their cardiorespiratory system’s functional state, biological age, activity levels in different organs, and adaptive abilities.
Results. The study has made it possible to describe distribution in terms of ANS response, biological age, adaptive potential, and their correlation. The relief workers showed a medium inverse correlation between adaptive potential and ANS response type (r = -0.308; р = 0.153) and a significant medium positive correlation between adaptive potential and biological age (r = 0.690; р < 0.001). The servicemen working with rocket fuels showed a high medium positive correlation (r = 0.726; р = 0.001) and a significant medium positive correlation (r = 0.658; р < 0.004) between adaptive potential and ANS response type and biological age, respectively. The servicemen who had participated in combat operations showed weak inverse correlation (r = -0.139; р = 0.155) and medium positive correlation (r = 0.683; р = 0.005) in the first and second case, respectively.
Conclusion. The biological age, individual aging rate, ANS response, and potential adaptive performance can be used as criteria for assessing health risks for working people exposed to different hazards and dangers and determining groups of people who need case follow-up.



Changes in the indicators of chemical safety of drinking water in Ufa during its transportation to consumers
Abstract
Introduction. To conduct a total assessment of carcinogenic, non-carcinogenic, and organoleptic risks to public health and cover both normalized and non-normalized pollutants of potable water, based on the results of long-term monitoring studies, it is possible using an integral indicator of chemical harmlessness of water.
Material and methods. Authors studied potable water of water intakes of surface and infiltration types from potable water reservoirs and remote zones of Ufa water distribution networks. Impurities were determined by chromatography, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, photometric, nephelometric, and titrimetric methods.
Results. The main effect on the amount of carcinogenic risk in potable water of the surface water intake are chloroform, bromodichlethane, dichloroacetic acid, in the infiltration water intake - in addition to these compounds zinc, lead and chromium are in addition influenced. Organic compounds (phthalates, benz(a)pyrene, volatile aromatic compounds, etc.) have no effect on this type of risk due to the presence in water in low background concentrations. The identified number of individual carcinogenic risks for bromodichloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid according to the WHO classification corresponds to the second range. As the surface type water intake is removed from the potable water reservoir, the total carcinogenic risk of water decreases by 13-30%, and the infiltration type increases by 41-84%. Values of noncancerogenic and organoleptic risks are constant for potable water of different water intakes and correspond to recommended limit values. The excess of the maximum permissible concentrations (SanPin 1.2.3685-21) of individual substances in the potable water of the city has not been detected for the whole period of observation.
In terms of the integral indicator of chemical harmlessness, the most favorable is the po-table water of the infiltration water intake, in the technology of which is mainly used the UV for decontamination of water.
Conclusion. Using a risk assessment methodology complements the traditional approach to assessing water quality under modern hygiene standards. It becomes possible to evaluate the effect of pollutants of various classes on water quality when they are present together.



PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION
Impact of lead acetate and sodium and potassium stearates on lipid peroxidation processes in the body of experimental animals
Abstract
Introduction. Given the significant prevalence of lead in the environment, research in this area has significant social and economic importance. Lead compounds are characterized by high toxicity and increased ability to cumulate in ecosystems, humans, and animals. Lead enters the human body with food, drinking water, atmospheric air, and smoking. Lead causes pathological changes in the nervous system, blood-forming organs, kidneys, etc.
Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on four groups of white female rats, each included seven animals, weighing 150-200 g. The first group of animals was a control. The second group consumed dechlorinated water from the city water supply, followed by lead acetate. The animals from the third and fourth groups drank the same water with sodium stearate and potassium stearate content in a dose of 1/250 LD50. After the 40th-day of the use of these waters, the animals were orally administered lead acetate at a dose of 7 mg/kg. The levels of lipid peroxidation biomarkers were studied by studying the content of diene conjugates (DC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood serum, liver, and kidney homogenates.
Results. The administration of 1/2 acetate LD50 to lead in experimental rats drinking water with stearates was accompanied by a significant increase in the DCs concentration and (MDA) in animals. Higher concentrations of LPO products were observed in the group of animals that consumed water from potassium stearate.
Conclusions. 1. With the oral administration of lead acetate against the background of drinking water containing stearates at a dose of 1/250 LD50, an increase in lipid peroxidation indices was noted compared with the control group. 2. Higher concentrations of LPO products were observed in the group of animals consuming water from potassium stearate.



Estimation of the influence of deicing materials influence on single-cell organisms: a case study of Tetrahymena pyriformis
Abstract
Introduction. Deicing materials (DIM) have technical recommendations for the application to ensure road safety. However, they do not have shared values governing their permissible levels for environmental objects and public health. There are no guidelines for assessing their toxic properties either. The research shows that to solve practical goals, it is necessary to scientifically substantiate the methodology of hygienic assessment of DIMs as a separate group of substances, taking into account their effective concentrations bio testing methods. DIM are saline solutions, and therefore it is worth considering a cell or a unicellular organism as a model to predict their effect on biological objects. However, the methodology for assessing environmental objects’ toxicity using Tetrahymena pyriformis ciliates has been approved only for domestic water supply.
The purpose of this study is to update the methodology for determining the toxicity of DIM solutions by the generative function of Tetrahymena pyriformis ciliates. It considers the high salt content appropriate within the framework of a comprehensive hygienic assessment of reagents.
Materials and methods. The research made an ecotoxicological assessment of 2 deicing materials with different ratios оf chlorides of alkali and alkaline-earth metals and evaluating the same reagents’ actual chemical composition using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ion chromatography.
Results. The obtained data indicated less pronounced toxicity of DIM with increased content of calcium ions. The permissible levels of DIM influence on the studied test object have been determined. A control comparison sample is provided.
Conclusion. The obtained results specify the need to expand the list of controlled indices in the existing methodology. To assess the toxicity of saline solutions using ciliates, the substantial additions must include studying the morphology of cells in the acute experiment (6 hours), in case of their death within the first hour; it is necessary to control their secondary appearance.


