Эпигенетика кардиомиопатий: модификации гистонов и метилирование ДНК

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Аннотация

Кардиомиопатии – активно исследуемая клинически и генетически гетерогенная группа патологий миокарда. В настоящее время общепризнано, что наряду с генетическими факторами эпигенетические механизмы могут быть значимыми в определении как риска развития данной патологии, так и формирования клинических особенностей болезни. В статье приведен обзор научных публикаций, посвященных исследованию модификаций гистонов и ремоделирования хроматина, а также изменений метилирования ДНК при различных формах кардиомиопатий. Большинство работ в этой области сфокусировано на анализе эпигеномного профиля образцов миокарда у пациентов с дилатационной кардиомиопатией. При развитии кардиомиопатии (дилатационной, гипертрофической, ишемической, рестриктивной и аритмогенной) в миокарде происходят изменения на уровне эпигенетических процессов, что приводит к нарушению функциональной активности генов и дисбалансу метаболических путей, в том числе патогенетически значимых для развития заболеваний сердца. В эпигенетические изменения, происходящие в миокарде, вовлечены также гены кардиомиопатий (LMNA, TNNI3, ANKRD1, SLC25A4, EYA4, GATAD1, PRDM16 и DMD). Эпигенетические модификации, а также ферменты, регулирующие эпигенетические процессы, анализируются с точки зрения перспективности их использования для выявления новых значимых для кардиомиопатий молекулярных маркеров и метаболических путей, для разработки диагностических панелей и новых лекарственных препаратов. В то же время высокая клиническая и этиологическая гетерогенность кардиомиопатий, большое число разнообразных и взаимосвязанных эпигенетических процессов, которые происходят как в условиях физиологической нормы, так и в ходе патогенеза заболевания, указывают на необходимость расширения эпигенетических исследований при различных формах кардиомиопатий, в том числе на уровне эпигенома, транскриптома и эпитранскриптома с использованием омиксного анализа единичных клеток миокарда у человека и модельных животных, а также в клеточных линиях при моделировании заболевания.

Об авторах

А. Н. Кучер

Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук

Email: maria.nazarenko@medgenetics.ru
Россия, 634050, Томск

М. С. Назаренко

Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: maria.nazarenko@medgenetics.ru
Россия, 634050, Томск

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