Китайский разведывательный шар как фактор в Американо-Китайских отношениях
- Авторы: Степанов А.С.1
-
Учреждения:
- Институт США и Канады им. академика Г.А. Арбатова Российской академии наук (ИСКРАН)
- Выпуск: № 7 (2023)
- Страницы: 36-48
- Раздел: Китай и США: границы соперничества и сотрудничества
- URL: https://rjsvd.com/2686-6730/article/view/662253
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S2686673023070039
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/GJBHDM
- ID: 662253
Цитировать
Аннотация
Статья посвящена инциденту с пролётом над территорией США принадлежащего Китаю стратосферного воздушного шара. Рассматриваются вопросы, связанные как с техническими аспектами, связанными с этим объектом и его уничтожением, так и влияние этого происшествия на американо-китайские отношения. Кроме того, анализируется внутренняя реакция на случившееся в американском политикуме. Автор приходит к выводам о том, что на фоне американо-китайского соперничества и сокращения межвоенных контактов, такие инциденты могут представлять опасность. Ни США, ни Китай не предприняли должных усилий для урегулирования кризиса, предпочтя наблюдать за происходящим и извлекать из ситуации возможные политические выгоды. Бурная реакция политического сообщества в США, когда обстоятельства инцидента не были ещё должным образом расследованы, говорит о предубеждениях против Китая, господствующих в законодательной и исполнительной власти.
Об авторах
Алексей Сергеевич Степанов
Институт США и Канады им. академика Г.А. Арбатова Российской академии наук (ИСКРАН)
Email: astepano89@gmail.com
Москва, Российская Федерация
Список литературы
- The Chinese Spy Balloon's Path Across North America. Statista. 6.02.2023. Available at: https://www.statista.com/chart/29242/chinese-balloon-flight-path/(accessed 5.04.2023).
- Gazette's spy balloon photos play role in White House's response to China. Billings Gazette. 6.02.2023. Available at: https://billingsgazette.com/news/gazettes-spy-balloon-photos-play-role-in-white-houses-response-to-china/article_b27cc99e-a4b1-11ed-b40a-07864ac915be.html (accessed 13.04.2023).
- ‘It just rang': In crises, US-China hotline goes unanswered. The Associated Press. 10.02.2023. Available at: https://apnews.com/article/politics-united-states-government-lloyd-austin-china-9d1b7c9aa40b22d0bda497ba29be8d9b#:~:text=WASHINGTON%20(AP)%20%E2%80%94%20Within%20hours,explain%20things%20and%20ease%20tensions. (accessed 7.04.2023)
- The Chinese Balloon Was Shot Down By the U.S. Military. Here's How It Went Down. Time. 5.02.2023. Available at: https://time.com/6253010/chinese-spy-balloon-shot-down/(accessed 1.04.2023)
- U.S. military seeks to recover debris from Chinese spy balloon. CBS News. 6.02.2023. Available at: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/china-spy-balloon-debris-search/(accessed 24.03.2023)
- Gen. Glen VanHerck, Commander, North American Aerospace Defense Command and United States Northern Command, Holds an Off-Camera, On-The-Record Briefing on the High-Altitude Surveillance Balloon Recovery Efforts. The Department of Defense. 6.02.2023. Available at: https://www.defense.gov/News/Transcripts/Transcript/Article/3289888/gen-glen-vanherck-commander-north-american-aerospace-defense-command-and-united/(accessed 16.03.2023)
- Everything We Know About The Chinese Balloon-And 3 Other Objects- Shot Down By The U.S. Forbes. 14.02.2023. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/emilywashburn/2023/02/14/everything-we-know-about-the-chinese-balloon-and-3-other-objects-shot-down-by-the-us/?sh=64188848757c (accessed 8.03.2023)
- U.S. ends search for objects shot down over Alaska, Lake Huron. Politico. 17.02.2023. Available at: https://www.politico.com/news/2023/02/17/u-s-ends-search-for-objects-shot-down-over-alaska-lake-huron-00083559 (accessed 14.03.2023).
- Foreign Ministry Spokesperson's Remarks on the Unintended Entry of a Chinese Unmanned Airship into US Airspace Due to Force Majeure. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the People's Republic of China. 03.02.2023. Available at: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/2535_665405/202302/t20230203_11019484.html (accessed 22.03.2023).
- Foreign Ministry Spokesperson's Remarks on US Annoucement of the Postponement of Secretary of State Blinken's Visit to China. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the People's Republic of China. 04.02.2023. Available at: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/2535_665405/202302/t20230204_11019704.html (accessed 30.03.2023).
- China opposes US shooting down of civilian airship. China Daily. 06.02.2023. Available at: https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202302/06/WS63dfd45ba31057c47ebad00b.html (accessed 7.04.2023).
- China accuses the U.S. of indiscriminate use of force in shooting down of balloon. The Associated Press. 6.02.2023. Available at: https://www.npr.org/2023/02/06/1154729711/china-accuses-the-u-s-of-indiscriminate-use-of-force-in-shooting-down-of-balloon#:~:text=China%20accuses%20U.S.%20of%20indiscriminate%20use%20of%20force%20over%20balloon%20%3A%20NPR&text=Press-,China%20accuses%20U.S.%20of%20indiscriminate%20use%20of%20force%20over%20balloon,spy%20balloon%20over%20the%20weekend. (accessed 13.04.2023).
- Chinese foreign ministry says US also flies balloons over China. Guardian. 13.02.2023. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/13/chinese-foreign-ministry-says-us-also-flies-balloons-over-china (accessed 12.04.2023).
- Blinken to test limits of China's diplomatic engagement on Feb. 5-6 Beijing trip. Politico. 16.01.2023. Available at: https://www.politico.com/news/2023/01/16/blinken-china-diplomatic-trip-00078036 (accessed 4.04.2023).
- US Sanctions Six Chinese Firms Connected to Balloon Uproar. Bloomberg. 10.02.2023. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-02-10/us-set-to-sanction-chinese-firms-connected-to-balloon-uproar?leadSource=uverify%20wall (accessed 27.03.2023).
- 4 previous instances of Chinese balloons flying over US territory, says Pentagon. Times of India. 9.02.2023. Available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/4-previous-instances-of-chinese-balloons-flying-over-us-territory-says-pentagon/articleshow/97752646.cms (accessed 10.04.2023).
- Biden faces storm of criticism over Chinese spy balloon incursion. Washington Examiner. 07.02.2023. Available at: https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/white-house/biden-faces-storm-of-criticism-chinese-balloon (accessed 6.04.2023).
- Rep. Gallagher says timing of Chinese balloon before Blinken visit not a ‘coincidence'. The Hill. 12.02.2023. Available at: https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/3854391-rep-gallagher-says-timing-of-chinese-balloon-before-blinken-visit-not-a-coincidence/(accessed 9.04.2023).
- Exclusive - Nikki Haley: ‘If I Was President, China Never Would Have Sent a Spy Balloon'. Nikki Haley for President. 22.02.2023. Available at: https://nikkihaley.com/2023/02/22/exclusive-nikki-haley-if-i-was-president-china-never-would-have-sent-a-spy-balloon/(accessed 3.04.2023).
- Donald J. Trump. Truth Social. 5.02.2023. Available at: https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/109812699029727017 (accessed 2.04.2023).
- House Votes Unanimously to Condemn China Over Spy Balloon. New York Times. 9.02.2023. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/09/us/house-condemns-china-balloon.html (accessed 27.03.2023).
- Senate Unanimously Condemns China for Spy Balloon, Joining the House. New York Times. 15.02.2023. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/15/us/senate-condemns-china-spy-balloon.html (accessed 10.04.2023).
- White House defends Biden's handling of Chinese spy balloon. Washington Examiner. 6.01.2023. Available at: https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/white-house/defends-biden-chinese-spy-balloon (accessed 13.04.2023).
- China Can Fire Hypersonic Weapons, Conduct EMP Strikes With High-Altitude Balloons; Had Conducted Tests Back In 2017-18. The EurAsian Times. 10.02.2023. Available at: https://eurasiantimes.com/china-could-use-high-altitude-balloons-for-deploying-hypersonic/(accessed 11.04.2023).
- China Balloons, EMP'S and Bioweapons: a Chilling Possibility. Mind Matters. 13.02.2023.
- Schumer: All senators to receive briefing on spy balloon Feb. 15. Politico. 05.02.2023. Available at: https://www.politico.com/news/2023/02/05/schumer-china-balloon-briefing-senate-00081250 (accessed 11.04.2023).
- The military's blame game over the Chinese spy balloon spills into the open. Politico. 27.03.2023. Available at: https://www.politico.com/news/2023/03/27/military-debate-spy-balloon-00089097 (accessed 30.03.2023).
- U.S. tracked China spy balloon from launch on Hainan Island along unusual path. The Washington Post. 14.02.2023. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/02/14/china-spy-balloon-path-tracking-weather/(accessed 02.04.2023).
- CIA director ‘can't say' what Chinese leadership knew about spy balloon. The Hill. 26.02.2023. Available at: https://thehill.com/homenews/sunday-talk-shows/3874713-cia-director-cant-say-what-chinese-leadership-knew-about-spy-balloon/?utm_campaign=dfn-ebb&utm_medium=email&utm_source=sailthru&SToverlay=2002c2d9-c344-4bbb-8610-e5794efcfa7d (accessed 09.04.2023).
- A closer look at ‘balloon-gate'. The China Project. 8.02.2023. Available at: https://thechinaproject.com/2023/02/08/a-closer-look-at-balloon-gate/(accessed 06.04.2023).
- China's Balloon Program Grew From a Humble Start. Wall Street Journal. 09.02.2023. Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-balloon-program-grew-from-a-humble-start-11675974996 (accessed 03.04.2023).
- No cameras allowed near balloon launching pad in China's Hainan island. NBC News. 18.02.2023. Available at: https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/satellites-images-chinese-spy-balloon-site-hainan-rcna70951 (accessed 03.04.2023).
- Riding on AI, Chinese Spy balloons Invade Foreign Lands. Analytics Insight. 11.02.2023. Available at: https://www.analyticsinsight.net/riding-on-ai-chinese-spy-balloons-invade-foreign-lands/(accessed 23.03.2023).
- China accuses the US of information 'warfare' as the Biden administration says Beijing's spy balloon program has targeted 40 countries. Business Insider. 9.02.2023. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/chinese-spy-balloon-program-targeted-40-countries-biden-administration-says-2023-2?r=US&IR=T (accessed 16.03.2023).
- Here's where other Chinese spy balloons have been spotted or suspected. Semafor. 14.02.2023. Available at: https://www.semafor.com/article/02/08/2023/the-us-says-chinese-balloons-have-operated-in-5-continents-heres-where (accessed 20.03.2023).
- Foreign Ministry Spokesperson's Remarks on the Unintended Entry of a Chinese Unmanned Airship into US Airspace Due to Force Majeure. Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 13.02.2023. Available at: http://gb.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/Press and Media/Spokepersons/202302/t20230214_11024585.htm (accessed 16.03.2023).
- Air and Marine Operations Tethered Aerostat Radar System (TARS). U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Available at: https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2021-Aug/TARS_508%20compliant.pdf (accessed 19.03.2023).
- Pentagon testing mass surveillance balloons across the US. The Guardian. 2.08.2019. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/aug/02/pentagon-balloons-surveillance-midwest (accessed 5.03.2023).
- Stratospheric Balloons and Airships. Aerostar. Available at: https://aerostar.com/products/balloons-airships (accessed 5.03.2023).
- U.S.-China Military-to-Military Relations. Congressional Research Service. 4.01.2021. Available at: https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/2021-01-04_IF11712_232a955f5ccc2c01957e1ba4acf84617482c9221.pdf (accessed 6.03.2023).
- Chinese balloon was ‘clearly' for spying, says US. The Guardian. 9.02.2023. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/feb/09/chinese-balloon-spying-state-department (accessed 9.03.2023).
- US officials disclosed new details about the balloon's capabilities. Here's what we know. CNN. 10.02.2023. Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/2023/02/09/politics/spy-balloon-technology/index.html (accessed 9.03.2023).
Дополнительные файлы
