Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal DiseasesRussian Journal of Skin and Venereal DiseasesРоссийский журнал кожных и венерических болезней1560-95882412-9097Eco-Vector7232910.17816/dv72329DERMATOLOGYДЕРМАТОЛОГИЯReview ArticleCholinergic urticaria: novel aspects of pathogenesis, diagnosis and managementХолинергическая крапивница: новые аспекты патогенеза, диагностики и терапииhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1587-91374779-7664BorzovaElena Yu.БорзоваЕлена Юрьевна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д.м.н., профессор

eborzova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7855-6207PopovaChristina Yu.ПоповаКристина Юрьевна
Russian Federation

Postgraduate Student

аспирант

popova.derm@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0653-7533KurowskiMarcinКуровскиМарцин
Poland

MD, Professor, Clinics of Immunology and Allergy

профессор, Клиника иммунологии и аллергологии

marcin.kurowski@umed.lodz.plhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1413-8161RukhadzeMaia T.РухадзеМайя Теймуразовна
Georgia

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д.м.н., профессор

maiarukhadze@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-8040DarlenskiRazvigorДарленскиРазвигор
Bulgaria

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)

д.м.н.

darlenski@abv.bghttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5044-1152ZaborovaViktoriya A.ЗабороваВиктория Александровна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д.м.н., профессор

vaz111v@gmail.com2766-3925KurshevVladislav V.КуршевВладислав Викторович
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant

к.м.н., ассистент

kurshev.vlad@gmail.comI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for PediatricsНаучно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии имени академика Ю.Е. ВельтищеваMedical University of LodzМедицинский УниверситетCenter of Allergy and ImmunologyЦентр аллергии и иммунологииTeaching University GeomediУчебный университет ГеомедиTrakia UniversityТракийски университет150620212432112262906202126082021Copyright ©; 2021, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2021, ООО "Эко-Вектор"2021Eco-VectorООО "Эко-Вектор"https://rjsvd.com/1560-9588/article/view/72329

Cholinergic urticaria (CholU) is a chronic inducible urticaria, characterised by itchy pinpoint wheals up to 3 mm in diameter, surrounded by a prominent flare, that occur following an exposure to characteristic triggers such as active or passive heating, physical exercise, emotions, hot or spicy foods.

Key pathophysiologic mechanisms include immediate hypersensitivity to autologous sweat antigens, functional sweating disorders, impaired acethylcholine metabolism, abnormal skin vascular permeability and disturbed skin innervation.

Clinical manifestations of CholU may vary from typical itchy pinpoint urticarial lesions, angioedema to anaphylaxis. Atypical CholU forms include cholinergic pruritus, cholinergic dermographism, cold cholinergic urticaria and persistent cholinergic erythema.

The diagnosis of cholinergic urticaria relies on patient’s history, clinical manifestations and challenge tests.

Treatment options include nonsedating H1 antihistamines in standard or increased doses. The evidence is accumulating for the use of biological treatment with omalizumab in cholinergic urticaria. The prospect of personalized treatment of cholinergic urticaria include autologous sweat desensitization.

The main research efforts in ColdU are directed at optimizing diagnostic approaches and developing innovative therapeutic options.

Холинергическая крапивница (ХнК) ― хроническая индуцированная крапивница, характеризующаяся появлением зудящих мелкоточечных уртикарных элементов в диаметре до 3 мм с выраженной гиперемией, возникающих после воздействия триггерных факторов, таких как активное или пассивное повышение температуры тела, физическая нагрузка, эмоциональное возбуждение, употребление горячей или острой пищи.

К основным аспектам патогенеза ХнК относятся реакции гиперчувствительности немедленного типа к аутоантигенам потовой жидкости, функциональные нарушения процессов потоотделения, нарушение метаболизма ацетилхолина и сосудистой проницаемости с дисфункцией иннервации кожи.

Клинические проявления ХнК могут варьировать от типичных зудящих мелкоточечных уртикарных высыпаний, ангиоотёка до анафилаксии. К атипичным формам ХнК относят холинергический зуд, холинергический дермографизм, холодовую холинергическую крапивницу и персистирующую холинергическую эритему.

Диагностика ХнК основана на данных анамнеза, клинических данных и результатах провокационных тестов.

Терапия ХнК включает применение неседативных Н1-блокаторов в стандартных и высоких дозах; изучается возможность применения генно-инженерной биологической терапии омализумабом. К перспективам персонализации терапии ХнК относят специфическую гипосенсибилизацию к антигенам потовой жидкости.

Основными направлениями научного поиска при ХнК являются оптимизация диагностических подходов, а также разработка инновационных методов терапии.

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