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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский журнал кожных и венерических болезней</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1560-9588</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">64262</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/dv64262</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DERMATOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДЕРМАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">What do we know about osteoma cutis? Literature review. Clinical cases</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Что мы знаем об остеоме кожи? Обзор литературы. Клинические случаи</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7968-7663</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3785-7859</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Snarskaya</surname><given-names>Elena S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Снарская</surname><given-names>Елена Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSc., professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, кафедра кожных и венерических болезней</p></bio><email>snarskaya-dok@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5800-4800</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8013-3256</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Teplyuk</surname><given-names>Natalia P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Теплюк</surname><given-names>Наталия Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSc., professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, кафедра кожных и венерических болезней</p></bio><email>teplyukn@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8693-9622</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5834-5044</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasileva</surname><given-names>Ksenia D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Ксения Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ordinator of the Department of skin and venereal diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор кафедры кожных и венерических болезней</p></bio><email>kseniya07101988@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3712-8453</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vertieva</surname><given-names>Ekaterina Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вертиева</surname><given-names>Екатерина Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Research Officer</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник кафедры кожных и венерических болезней</p></bio><email>ivertieva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>133</fpage><lpage>144</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-03-27"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-05-15"><day>15</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-08-01"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjsvd.com/1560-9588/article/view/64262">https://rjsvd.com/1560-9588/article/view/64262</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article summarises the data of epidemiology, etipathogenesis, a clinical picture, diagnosis and the treatment of osteoma cutis. The classification, a histological picture, the place of osteoma cutis from the point of view of the phenotype in relation to the information of the world literature are presented.</p> <p>Osteoma cutis is a rare benign disease characterised by the formation of the bone tissue in the dermis or subcutaneous fat. Two theories of the origin of osteoma cutis are of particular interest: the result of fibroblast metaplasia into osteoblasts or the differentiation of primitive mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts and their migration to an ectopic site. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis are based on the clinical examination, measurement of calcium, parathyroid hormone, x-ray and skin biopsy. The differential diagnosis involves many dermatoses, including ossified hair follicle, osteosarcoma, epidermoid cysts, fibromas, neurofibromas, basal cell carcinoma, etc. The approach to the treatment is to use non-invasive or invasive methods: tretinoin cream, dermabrasion and punch biopsy, YAG laser, scalpel excision, curettage and CO<sub>2</sub> laser.</p> <p>We consider skin osteoma to be an underestimated dermatosis, since we have not found descriptions of such cases in reviews in the available Russian literature.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье обобщены данные по эпидемиологии, этиопатогенезу, клинической картине, диагностике и лечению остеомы кожи. Представлены классификация, гистологическая картина, место остеомы кожи с точки зрения фенотипа согласно сведениям мировой литературы.</p> <p>Остеома кожи является редким доброкачественным заболеванием, характеризующимся образованием костной ткани в дерме или подкожно-жировой клетчатке. Особый интерес представляют две теории возникновения остеомы кожи ― результат метаплазии фибробластов в остеобласты либо дифференцировка примитивных мезенхимальных клеток в остеобласты и их миграция в эктопическое место. Диагностика и дифференциальный диагноз основываются на клиническом обследовании, измерении уровня кальция, паратиреоидного гормона, рентгенологических методах и биопсии кожи. В дифференциальный диагноз входит множество дерматозов, включая оссифицированный волосяной фолликул, остеосаркому, эпидермоидные кисты, фибромы, нейрофибромы, базальноклеточный рак и т.д. Подход к лечению заключается в применении неинвазивных или инвазивных методов: крем третиноин, дермабразия и панч-биопсия, YAG-лазер, иссечение скальпелем, кюретаж и СО<sub>2</sub>-лазер.</p> <p>Мы считаем остеому кожи недооценённым дерматозом, поскольку в доступной нам отечественной литературе мы не встретили описания подобных случаев и литературных обзоров.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteoma cutis</kwd><kwd>primary osteoma</kwd><kwd>secondary osteoma</kwd><kwd>ossification</kwd><kwd>GNAS1</kwd><kwd>pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism</kwd><kwd>clinical case</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеома кожи</kwd><kwd>первичная остеома</kwd><kwd>вторичная остеома</kwd><kwd>окостенение</kwd><kwd>GNAS1</kwd><kwd>псевдопсевдогипопаратиреоз</kwd><kwd>клинический случай</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skin and venereal diseases: textbook. 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