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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский журнал кожных и венерических болезней</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1560-9588</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">640799</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/dv640799</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DERMATOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДЕРМАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Development and application of a multicomponent film biocoating based on sodium carboxymethylcellulose to study the antibacterial activity of microflora in the oral fluid of patients with pemphigus vulgaris <italic>in vitro</italic></article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Разработка и применение поликомпонентного плёночного биопокрытия на основе натрия карбоксиметилцеллюлозы для изучения антибактериальной активности микрофлоры в ротовой жидкости больных вульгарной пузырчаткой в условиях <italic>in vitro</italic></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9450-4004</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5792-6185</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Koldarova</surname><given-names>Evelina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колдарова</surname><given-names>Эвелина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UZ">Uzbekistan</country></address><email>koldarova7@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0909-7588</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3812-8400</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidikov</surname><given-names>Akmal A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сыдиков</surname><given-names>Акмаль Абдикаххарович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UZ">Uzbekistan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>medik-85@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7230-5183</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8341-0974</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhamedov</surname><given-names>Bakhrambek I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухамедов</surname><given-names>Бахрамбек Иламанович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UZ">Uzbekistan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>mukhamedov69@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1001-5767</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhamedov</surname><given-names>Ilaman M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухамедов</surname><given-names>Иламан Мухамедович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UZ">Uzbekistan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>dr.ilaman@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1345-5288</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sarymsakov</surname><given-names>Abdushukur A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сарымсаков</surname><given-names>Абдушукур Абдухалилович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UZ">Uzbekistan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>sarimsakov1948@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2889-0258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shukurov</surname><given-names>Akobirkhon I. o’g’li</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шукуров</surname><given-names>Акобирхон Иболулло угли</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UZ">Uzbekistan</country></address><email>shukuroov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5936-6232</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5832-9510</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaslavsky</surname><given-names>Denis V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заславский</surname><given-names>Денис Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>venerology@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9985-6965</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1195-6225</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorlanov</surname><given-names>Igor A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горланов</surname><given-names>Игорь Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>gorlanov53@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7434-3634</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1218-8166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaslavskaya</surname><given-names>Elizaveta D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заславская</surname><given-names>Елизавета Денисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zaslavliza@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6942-2880</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3783-8565</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlova</surname><given-names>Darya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлова</surname><given-names>Дарья Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dashauchenaya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ферганский медицинский институт общественного здоровья</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tashkent State Dental Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ташкентский государственный стоматологический институт</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of polymer chemistry and physics, Academy of sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт химии и физики полимеров Академии наук Республики Узбекистан</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-03-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-02-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-30"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-01"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-01-01"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjsvd.com/1560-9588/article/view/640799">https://rjsvd.com/1560-9588/article/view/640799</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> A special place among dermatological diseases is occupied by dermatoses affecting the oral mucosa, in particular pemphigus vulgaris. Constant damage to the mucous membrane, combined with the presence of abundant microflora in the oral cavity, leads to rapid variability in the primary or pathognomonic manifestations of specific diseases, making them look similar. Erosion and ulcers in the oral cavity are very difficult to treat and are accompanied by severe pain. The role of the oral microflora in the development and progression of pemphigus vulgaris has not been fully studied, however, it is known that the microflora of patients differs significantly from that of healthy individuals. Today, much attention is paid to studying the composition, properties and role of the microflora of the oral mucosa in the manifestation and course of pemphigus vulgaris.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> determination of the most effective combination of a three-component film biocoating based on sodium carboxymethylcellulose for patients with pemphigus vulgaris, by assessing and comparatively <italic>in vitro</italic> comparison of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the oral microflora, as well as local oral protective factors (lysozyme titer, phagocytosis index neutrophils and the level of the secretory fraction of immunoglobulin class A)</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> A cross-sectional single-center study was performed among patients with pemphigus vulgaris (<italic>n</italic>=12). Oral fluid was collected by washing (rinsing) 4.5 ml of physiological solution from the oral mucosa. Subsequently, in the laboratory, a series of serial dilutions were prepared, some of which were inoculated by quantitative sectoral sowing on media intended for the cultivation of aerobic and anaerobic microbes. Microbiological and immunological sensitivity to films with different concentrations of mometasone furoate (20–40–80 mg) and propolis (2.5–5–7.5–10%) was determined.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The most pronounced antibacterial activity was observed in the following 2-component forms (gel film and propolis at a concentration of 7.5%; gel film and mometasone furoate in an amount of 20 mg) and in 3-component gel films (gel film, propolis at a concentration of 5% and mometasone furoate 20 mg). According to the results of a comparative quantitative assessment of local factors protecting the oral cavity in patients with pemphigus vulgaris, their positive dynamics, characterized by the restoration of immunodeficiency, were most influenced by the three-component composition, including a gel film, propolis 5% and mometasone furoate 80 mg.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The three-component composition of the film biocoating based on carboxymethylcellulose significantly reduces the quantitative and improves the qualitative indicators of microorganisms in the oral cavity, thereby having a positive effect on the treatment process for patients with pemphigus vulgaris.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Особое место среди дерматологических заболеваний занимают дерматозы с поражением слизистой оболочки полости рта, в частности вульгарная пузырчатка. Эрозии и язвы в полости рта трудно поддаются лечению, сопровождаются выраженным болевым синдромом. Роль микрофлоры полости рта в развитии и прогрессировании вульгарной пузырчатки полностью не изучена, однако известно, что микрофлора больных значительно отличается от таковой у здоровых индивидуумов. На сегодняшний день большое внимание уделяют изучению состава, свойств и роли микрофлоры слизистой ротовой полости в манифестации и течении вульгарной пузырчатки.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> ― определение наиболее эффективной комбинации трёхкомпонентного плёночного биопокрытия на основе натрия карбоксиметилцеллюлозы для пациентов с вульгарной пузырчаткой путём оценки и компаративного сравнения <italic>in vitro</italic> количественных и качественных характеристик микрофлоры полости рта, а также местных факторов защиты полости рта (титр лизоцима, показатель фагоцитоза нейтрофилов и содержание секреторной фракции иммуноглобулина класса А).</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Выполнено поперечное одноцентровое исследование. У пациентов с вульгарной пузырчаткой (<italic>n</italic>=12) проводили забор ротовой жидкости методом смыва (полоскания) 4,5 мл физиологического раствора со слизистой оболочки полости рта. В последующем в лаборатории готовили ряд серийных разведений, часть которых проходила процедуру количественного секторального посева на среды, предназначенные для культивирования аэробных и анаэробных микробов. Определяли микробиологическую и иммунологическую чувствительность к плёнкам с различными долями мометазона фуроата (20 мг, 40 мг, 80 мг) и концентрацией прополиса (2,5%; 5%; 7,5%; 10%).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Наиболее выраженная антибактериальная активность наблюдалась в двух- (гелевая плёнка и прополис 7,5%; гелевая плёнка и мометазона фуроат 20 мг) и трёхкомпонентных (гелевая плёнка, прополис 5% и мометазона фуроат 20 мг) формах. По результатам компаративной количественной оценки местных факторов защиты полости рта у больных вульгарной пузырчаткой, на их положительную динамику, характеризующуюся восстановлением иммунодефицита, набольшее влияние оказывал именно трёхкомпонентный состав, включающий гелевую плёнку, прополис 5% и мометазона фуроат 80 мг.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Трёхкомпонентный состав плёночного биопокрытия на основе карбоксиметилцеллюлозы обладает сравнительно более выраженным антибактериальным и иммуностимулирующим действием, оказывая тем самым положительное влияние на результат лечения больных вульгарной пузырчаткой.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pemphigus vulgaris</kwd><kwd>oral microflora</kwd><kwd>Na-CMC</kwd><kwd>gel film</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вульгарная пузырчатка</kwd><kwd>микрофлора полости рта</kwd><kwd>Na-КМЦ</kwd><kwd>гелевая плёнка</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Olisova OY, Karamova AE, Znamenskaya LF, et al. 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