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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский журнал кожных и венерических болезней</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1560-9588</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">635963</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/dv635963</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DERMATOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДЕРМАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Pruritus: pathogenesis, classification, diagnostics and therapeutic methods (review)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Зуд кожи: патогенез, классификация, терапия (обзор литературы)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7136-4053</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1403-3031</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochergin</surname><given-names>Nikolay G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочергин</surname><given-names>Николай Георгиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>nkocha@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1076-5674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smaoui</surname><given-names>Syrine</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смауи</surname><given-names>Сирин</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>smaouicyrine1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-12-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>640</fpage><lpage>653</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-09-12"><day>12</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-10-26"><day>26</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-12-23"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjsvd.com/1560-9588/article/view/635963">https://rjsvd.com/1560-9588/article/view/635963</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pruritus is an important problem of modern medicine, which goes far beyond dermatology.</p> <p>Itching, also known as pruritus, is a complex condition marked by an unpleasant skin sensation that makes you want to scratch. This article examines the etiology, categorization, diagnosis, and treatment modalities associated with pruritus.</p> <p>Histamine, cytokines, and neuropeptides are a few of the mediators involved in the pathophysiology of pruritus, along with interactions between the immune and neurological systems. Based on where it originates, pruritus can be categorized into dermatological, systemic, neuropathic, and psychogenic sources.</p> <p>The focus of diagnostic techniques is on a comprehensive clinical assessment to find underlying reasons. There are many different types of treatment methods, from systemic and topical drugs to non-pharmacological techniques like behavioral therapy, phototherapy, and neuromodulation. New treatments focus on particular biochemical pathways that are responsible for itching signal transmission.</p> <p>The paper presents an overview of modern views on the pathogenesis of pruritus and various methods of treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Кожный зуд представляет собой сложное заболевание, которое характеризуется неприятным ощущением на коже, вызывающим желание почесаться, и является актуальной проблемой современной медицины, выходящей далеко за рамки дерматологии. Зуд может быть рассеянным или локализованным, острым или хроническим, поражать не только кожу, но и эпителий конъюнктивы, полости рта, носа, глотки, трахеи, аногенитальную область.</p> <p>В патогенезе зуда участвуют различные медиаторы, такие как гистамин, цитокины и нейропептиды; известно также о взаимодействии нервной и иммунной систем.</p> <p>Зуд можно классифицировать в зависимости от его происхождения, включая дерматологические, системные, невропатические и психогенные причины.</p> <p>Методы диагностики предполагают тщательную клиническую оценку для выявления основных причин возникновения зуда.</p> <p>Стратегии лечения многогранны: от местных и системных лекарственных препаратов до немедикаментозных подходов, таких как фототерапия, поведенческая терапия и нейромодуляция. Новые методы лечения нацелены на конкретные молекулярные пути, участвующие в передаче сигналов зуда.</p> <p>Распространённый на сегодняшний день подход, расценивающий зуд только как симптоматическое явление при ряде системных и дерматологических заболеваний, не отражает всей глубины патогенеза данного состояния. В этой связи снижается акцентированность внимания на патологии, что приводит к недооценке значимости зуда кожи как фактора ухудшения качества жизни пациента. Зуд кожи в соответствии со степенью дискомфорта пациента заслуживает отдельного внимания, поскольку имеет разнообразные патофизиологические механизмы развития, а значит, и вариабельную чувствительность к различным способам медикаментозного и немедикаментозного лечения.</p> <p>В представленной работе зуд кожи рассматривается с позиции самостоятельного заболевания. В обзоре показаны актуальные взгляды на механизмы развития кожного зуда, проведён анализ различных современных способов лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pruritus</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis of pruritus</kwd><kwd>mediators of pruritus</kwd><kwd>therapy of pruritus</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>зуд кожи</kwd><kwd>патогенез зуда</kwd><kwd>медиаторы зуда</kwd><kwd>терапия зуда</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carstens E, Follansbee T, Iodi CM. The challenge of basic itch research. Acta Derm Venereol. 2020;100(2):adv00023. doi: 10.2340/00015555-3343</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carstens E., Follansbee T., Iodi C.M. The challenge of basic itch research // Acta Derm Venereol. 2020. Vol. 100, N 2. 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