Биотехнологии устойчивости растений к вирусам: CRISPR-Cas или РНК-интерференция

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Аннотация

Разработанные в последнее время генетические технологии редактирования генома CRISPR-Cas и РНК-интерференция (РНКи) уже привели к заметному прогрессу практически во всех областях науки о жизни, включая биотехнологию и медицину, и в настоящее время становятся все более популярными в биологии растений. В данном обзоре мы описываем основные принципы работы этих двух технологий и методы их применения на модельных растениях и сельскохозяйственных культурах для контроля вирусных заболеваний. Приводятся примеры антивирусного действия этих технологий, направленного на прямое подавление вирусных геномов ДНК- и РНK-содержащих вирусов, а также на подавление активности генов растения-хозяина, повышающих восприимчивость к вирусам. Обзор содержит детальное сравнение эффективности применения технологий CRISPR-Cas и РНКи в защите растений от вирусов. Подробно обсуждаются преимущества и недостатки данных технологий, также рассматриваются факторы, ограничивающие использованиe этих технологий на практике, и обсуждаются возможные подходы для их преодоления.

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Н. О. Калинина

Институт биоорганической химии имени академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАН; НИИ физико-химической биологии имени А.Н. Белозерского, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: kalinina@belozersky.msu.ru
Россия, 117997 Москва; 119234 Москва

Н. А. Спеченкова

Институт биоорганической химии имени академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАН

Email: kalinina@belozersky.msu.ru
Россия, 117997 Москва

М. Э. Тальянский

Институт биоорганической химии имени академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАН

Email: kalinina@belozersky.msu.ru
Россия, 117997 Москва

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2. Рис. 1. Преимущества и недостатки технологий CRISPR-Cas и РНК-интерференции в защите растений от вирусных инфекций

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