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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of General Biology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of General Biology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал общей биологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0044-4596</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5685</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">698801</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S3034543X25060034</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Scientific discussions</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные дискуссии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Chronicle of the disappearance of the Yellow-breasted Bunting (<italic>Emberiza aureola</italic>, Emberizidae, Passeriformes): Spatial structure and population dynamics</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ХРОНИКА ИСЧЕЗНОВЕНИЯ ДУБРОВНИКА (<italic>EMBERIZA AUREOLA</italic>, EMBERIZIDAE, PASSERIFORMES): ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННАЯ СТРУКТУРА И ДИНАМИКА ПОПУЛЯЦИИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bourski</surname><given-names>O. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурский</surname><given-names>О. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>obourski@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>86</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 86, NO6 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 86, №6 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>441</fpage><lpage>458</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-16"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-11-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjsvd.com/0044-4596/article/view/698801">https://rjsvd.com/0044-4596/article/view/698801</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Due to a sharp decline in numbers, the Yellow-breasted Bunting (<italic>Emberiza aureola</italic>) is listed as a threatened species on the IUCN Red List. Formerly an abundant inhabitant of meadows, it disappeared as a breeding species in Central Siberia in a short period between 1999 and 2006. We studied breeding density, habitat use, spatial structure and population dynamics of the Yellow-breasted Bunting population in the Yenisei middle taiga since 1978 in the years preceding the decline, and further on. The species showed a narrow specialization in the choice of habitats and occupied rare isolated patches of open habitats in taiga. Most breeding habitats were regularly populated at high densities, reached saturation and indicated a prosperous state of the population. Annual deviations in population size were small and were determined by wintering conditions. Regulation of numbers occurred at breeding sites through strict territorial relationships depending on density. In accordance with the model of ideal despotic distribution, excess individuals in years of increased abundance were displaced to habitats that were unsuitable for reproduction. This distribution was achieved independently in each isolated group of suitable habitats, and the exchange of individuals between groups was minimal. The noted population characteristics, together with the distinctive features of the subspecies <italic>E. a. aureola</italic>, suggest a long-term dependence of the ecology and dynamics of Yellow-breasted Bunting on the history of rice cultivation in Southeast Asia. The use of anthropogenic food resources in winter was likely reason for both previous expansion and modern decline in numbers due to changes in agricultural technologies. The millennial use of additional winter resources changed the parameters of the species’ life history in the direction of “slow life,” which did not contribute to the formation of adaptations to the conditions of the expanded range in the taiga zone. The current decrease in the availability of winter food has devalued the acquired changes and led to the collapse of the population. The extermination of birds in wintering grounds significantly accelerated the decline in numbers, but was hardly its main cause.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Дубровник (<italic>Emberiza aureola</italic>) из-за резкого сокращения численности внесен в Красный список МСОП как вид, находящийся под угрозой вымирания. В прошлом многочисленный обитатель лугов, он исчез как гнездящийся вид Центральной Сибири за короткий период между 1999 и 2006 г. Мы изучали плотность гнездования, использование местообитаний, пространственную структуру и динамику численности популяции дубровника в енисейской средней тайге с 1978 г. до исчезновения. Вид населял редкие изолированные вкрапления открытых биотопов среди тайги. Большинство гнездовых местообитаний регулярно заселялись с высокой плотностью, достигавшей насыщения, и указывали на благополучное состояние популяции. Ежегодные отклонения численности популяции были малы и определялись условиями зимовки. Регуляция численности происходила на местах гнездования путем жестких территориальных отношений, зависящих от плотности. В соответствии с моделью идеального деспотического распределения, в годы повышенной численности избыточные особи выселялись в местообитания, малопригодные для размножения. Такое распределение достигалось в каждой изолированной группе пригодных местообитаний независимо, а обмен особами между группами был минимальным. Отмеченные популяционные особенности, вместе с отличительными чертами подвида <italic>E. a. aureola</italic>, позволяют предположить долговременную зависимость экологии и динамики дубровника от истории культивирования риса в Юго–Восточной Азии. Использование антропогенных кормовых ресурсов зимой, вероятно, было причиной как предшествующего расселения, так и современного сокращения численности при изменении сельскохозяйственных технологий. Тысячелетнее использование дополнительных зимних ресурсов изменило параметры жизненного цикла вида в направлении “медленной жизни”. Это осложнило формирование адаптаций к условиям расширенного ареала в таежной зоне. Современное снижение доступности зимних кормов обесценило приобретенные изменения и привело к краху популяции. Истребление птиц на зимовках существенно ускорило падение численности, но вряд ли было его главной причиной.</p></trans-abstract><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование профинансировано грантами РФФИ № 11(12, 13)-04-01614a, 12(13)-04-10166k и проектом Президиума РАН “Живая природа” (2012–2014).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Бурский О.В., 2002. Структура сообщества воробьиных птиц Центральной Сибири // Изучение биологического разнообразия на Енисейском экологическом трансекте. Животный мир. М.: ИПЭЭ РАН. С. 218–307.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Бурский О.В., 2008. Выбор местообитаний и структура метапопуляции: анализ многолетнего распределения пятнистого конька Anthus hodgsoni Richm. (Aves, Passeriformes) // Журн. общ. биологии. Т. 69. № 5. 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