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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Analytical Chemistry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Analytical Chemistry</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал аналитической химии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0044-4502</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-512X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">697728</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S3034512X25120097</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF CARBAZOLES IN NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC OILS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH THERMIONIC DETECTION</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ И ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ КАРБАЗОЛОВ В ПРИРОДНЫХ И СИНТЕТИЧЕСКОЙ НЕФТЯХ МЕТОДОМ ГАЗОВОЙ ХРОМАТОГРАФИИ С ТЕРМОИОННЫМ ДЕТЕКТИРОВАНИЕМ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pirogov</surname><given-names>A. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирогов</surname><given-names>А. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Chemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>химический факультет</p></bio><email>Pirogovav@my.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lagutin</surname><given-names>A. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лагутин</surname><given-names>А. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Chemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>химический факультет</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpeev</surname><given-names>D. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпеев</surname><given-names>Д. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Chemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>химический факультет</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shpigun</surname><given-names>O. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шпигун</surname><given-names>О. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Chemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>химический факультет</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolotov</surname><given-names>Yu. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Золотов</surname><given-names>Ю. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Chemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>химический факультет</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigorenko</surname><given-names>T. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григоренко</surname><given-names>Т. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>геологический факультет</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savostin</surname><given-names>G. G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савостин</surname><given-names>Г. Г</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>геологический факультет</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalmykov</surname><given-names>A. G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калмыков</surname><given-names>А. Г</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>геологический факультет</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>80</volume><issue>12</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 80, NO12 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 80, №12 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>1369</fpage><lpage>1378</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-04"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-12-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjsvd.com/0044-4502/article/view/697728">https://rjsvd.com/0044-4502/article/view/697728</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A modified sample preparation method for oils for the determination of carbazoles is proposed, involving deasphalting of oil by settling a sample of oil in a 40-fold excess of n-hexane for one day and using non-modified silica gel instead of argentated. In this case, carbazoles are eluted in one fraction. Conditions for the identification and determination of carbazole, 9-methyl-, and 9-ethylcarbazole by gas chromatography with thermionic detection were selected, and the analytical characteristics of the method were established. The choice of 3-nitro-9-methylcarbazole as an internal standard for carbazole determination was justified, and its synthesis was performed. The presence and quantity of carbazoles in oils from different fields and in a synthetic oil sample were assessed. A comparison of carbazole determination results in natural oils using the external standard method, internal standard, and additions was conducted. It was shown that all methods yield the same results within the error limits. The carbazole content in natural oils for the studied samples was found to be in the range of 0.14–2.61 mg/kg. 9-Ethylcarbazole was detected in four oil samples.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Предложен модифицированный способ пробоподготовки нефтей для определения карбазолов, заключающийся в деасфальтизация нефти с отстаиванием навески нефти в 40-кратном избытке <italic>н</italic>-гексана в течение суток и с использованием немодифицированного силикагеля вместо аргентированного. При этом карбазолы элюируются в одной фракции. Подобраны условия идентификации и определения карбазола, 9-метил- и 9-этилкарбазолов методом газовой хроматографии с термононным детектированием, установлены аналитические характеристики способа определения. Обоснован выбор 3-нитро-9-метилкарбазола в качестве внутреннего стандарта при определении карбазолов и выполнен его синтез. Оценено наличие и количество карбазолов в нефтях разных месторождений и в образце синтетической нефти. Проведено сравнение результатов определения карбазола в природных нефтях при использовании метода внешнего, внутреннего стандарта и добавок. Показано, что вес методы в пределах погрешности показывают одинаковые результаты. Найдено, что содержание карбазола в природных нефтях для исследованных образцов находится в пределах 0.14–2.61 мг/кг. Обнаружен 9-этилкарбазол в четырех образцах нефти.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>carbazoles in oils</kwd><kwd>GC-TID method</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>карбазолы в нефтях</kwd><kwd>метод ГХ-ТИД</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского Научного Фонда (проект РНФ 24-13-00197). Исследование проводили с использованием оборудования приобретенного в рамках Программы развития МГУ.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Oliveira E.C., Vazde Campos M.C., Rodrigues M.R.A., Pérez V.F., Melecchi M.I.S., Vale M.G.R., Zini C.A., Caramão E.B. Identification of alkyl carbazoles and alkyl benzocarbazoles in Brazilian petroleum derivatives // J. Chromatogr. A. 2006. V. 1105. № 1. P. 186.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Gutierrez D., Malloy T., Curiale J., Bissada A. Quantitative analysis of carbazoles and hydrocarbons in condensates and oils using comprehensive GC-MS/MS and comparative GC-MS analyses // Org. Geochem. 2022. V. 171. Article 104465.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Machado M.E. 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