Систематика и филогения миксомицетов: вчера, сегодня, завтра

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Аннотация

Миксомицеты (Myxomycetes) – амебоидные грибообразные организмы (Amoebozoa) с уникальным жизненным циклом, характеризующиеся большим морфологическим разнообразием спорофоров. Благодаря схожести этих структур с плодовыми телами некоторых представителей отделов Ascomycota и Basidiomycota, с момента первого известного научного описания в 1654 г. миксомицеты относили к грибам. Только в XIX в., когда удалось установить особенности их жизненного цикла, стала понятна обособленность этой группы от грибов. В результате с конца XIX до середины XX вв. сложилась достаточно стабильная таксономическая система, основанная главным образом на морфологических признаках спорофоров и спор. Однако было показано, что эти признаки довольно изменчивы и зависят от условий окружающей среды, а также могут быть результатом конвергентной эволюции. Это часто вызывает затруднения при идентификации видов и таксонов более высокого ранга. В первой декаде XXI в., благодаря развитию молекулярно-генетических и микроскопических методов, а также накоплению данных о нуклеотидных последовательностях маркерных генов, удалось получить первые данные об эволюционных взаимоотношениях ряда таксонов. Знаковой вехой развития систематики миксомицетов стала публикация в 2019 г. первой филогенетической системы. В настоящее время продолжаются попытки построения филогений различных таксонов миксомицетов и поиски их соответствия с системами, построенными на морфологических признаках. В работе приводится вариант системы миксомицетов с учетом всех изменений и дополнений по состоянию на июнь 2024 года.

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Е. Л. Мороз

Институт экспериментальной ботаники им. В.Ф. Купревича НАН Беларуси

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: moroze.l@tut.by
Белоруссия, Минск

В. И. Гмошинский

Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова

Email: rubisco@list.ru
Россия, Москва

О. Н. Щепин

Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова РАН; Грайфсвальдский университет

Email: oshchepin@binran.ru
Россия, Санкт-Петербург; Грайфсвальд, Германия

Ю. К. Новожилов

Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова РАН

Email: yurynovozh1lov@yandex.ru
Россия, Санкт-Петербург

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2. Рис. 1. Современное состояние системы миксомицетов (Myxomycetes) в соответствии с работой Leontyev et al., 2019a (с изменениями): [1] – Leontyev et al. (2019b); [2] – García-Cunchillos et al. (2022); [3] – объем рода был значительно расширен, см. Leontyev et al. (2022a, 2022 b, 2023, Leontyev, Schnittler, 2023); [4] – Prikhodko et al. (2023a); [5] – Ronikier et al. (2022); [6] – García-Martin et al. (2023); [7] – Erastova et al. (2013), Prikhodko et al. (2023b); [8] – Gmoshinskiy et al. (2023b); [9] – Moreno et al. (2023a); [10] – Moreno et al. (2023b); [11] – Lloyd et al. (2023); [12] – Wijayawardene et al. (2020). Черным цветом отмечены таксоны, которые признавались в момент написания и признаются в настоящее время. Зачеркнутые названия красного цвета соответствуют родам, которые были расформированы после публикации обзора Д.В. Леонтьева и соавт. (Leontyev et al., 2019a). Зеленым цветом отмечены восстановленные или впервые описанные таксоны. Направление стрелок означает перенесение видов из одного рода в другой

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