ZnO microtubes: formation mechanism and whispering-gallery mode lasing

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Abstract

The luminescent and laser properties of ZnO microtubes synthesized by a modified thermal evaporation method were studied using photoluminescence spectroscopy. It was shown that whispering gallery modes are responsible for lasing in the near UV range. The possibility of achieving low lasing thresholds (down to ~ 8 kW/cm2) and high optical quality factors (over 3900) was demonstrated. A mechanism for the formation of such microcrystals was proposed, based on the assumption of simultaneous growth and etching along the [0001] crystallographic direction.

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About the authors

А. P. Tarasov

Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Kurchatov Complex of Crystallography and Photonics of NRC “Kurchatov Institute”

Author for correspondence.
Email: tarasov.a@crys.ras.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

L. A. Zadorozhnaya

Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Kurchatov Complex of Crystallography and Photonics of NRC “Kurchatov Institute”

Email: tarasov.a@crys.ras.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

B. V. Nabatov

Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Kurchatov Complex of Crystallography and Photonics of NRC “Kurchatov Institute”

Email: tarasov.a@crys.ras.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

V. M. Kanevsky

Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Kurchatov Complex of Crystallography and Photonics of NRC “Kurchatov Institute”

Email: tarasov.a@crys.ras.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. SEM image of a ZnO microtube (the inset shows an array of microtubes).

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3. Fig. 2. SEM images of ZnO microrods: a – the beginning of the etching process of the microrod from the surface side (0001), b – the formation of a hexagonal pit on the end of the microrod.

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4. Fig. 3. PL spectra of an array of ZnO microtubes recorded under low-intensity quasi-continuous excitation (a) and pulsed laser excitation with a power density ρexc ~ 6 kW/cm2 (b).

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5. Fig. 4. Near-edge emission spectra of a ZnO microtube at different excitation power densities ρexc: 1 – 7, 2 – 13, 3 – 26 kW/cm2 (a); dependence of intensity on ρexc in the region of the most intense laser line with a wavelength of ~392.05 nm (b).

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6. Fig. 5. Laser generation spectrum of one of the ZnO microtubes at ρexc ~ 0.1 MW/cm².

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7. Fig. 6. The λWGM(D) dependence simulated using formula (3) for WGM with TE polarization (oblique curves) and the experimentally recorded spectral positions of laser lines (horizontal lines) according to Fig. 5. The arrow corresponds to the diameter D at which the most accurate coincidence of the positions of laser lines and neighboring TE modes is observed.

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