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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cosmic Research</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cosmic Research</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Космические исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0023-4206</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5502</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">699435</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S3034550225060094</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">TRACK IDENTIFICATION AND ESTIMATION OF ORBITS PARAMETERS OF MAN-MADE SPACE OBJECTS FIRST DETECTED BY TELESCOPES</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ ТРЕКОВ И ОЦЕНИВАНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ОРБИТ ТЕХНОГЕННЫХ КОСМИЧЕСКИХ ОБЪЕКТОВ, ВПЕРВЫЕ ОБНАРУЖЕННЫХ ТЕЛЕСКОПАМИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolessa</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесса</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolessa</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесса</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>kolessa.ea@phystech.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский физико-технический институт (национальный исследовательский университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">PJSC VYMPEL</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ПАО “МАК “Вымпел”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 63, NO6 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 63, №6 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>674</fpage><lpage>686</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-25"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-12-24"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjsvd.com/0023-4206/article/view/699435">https://rjsvd.com/0023-4206/article/view/699435</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper considers the problem of identifying pairs of tracks of near-Earth space objects that are absent from orbital databases and independently observed by one or several optical telescopes in one or many observation sessions. An algorithm for preliminary rejection of pairs of tracks — candidates for identification based on estimates of motion invariants is proposed. An exact solution to the problem of identifying two tracks is obtained using the generalized likelihood ratio method. A new algorithm for estimating orbital parameters (in the absence of a priori orbital data) is proposed for one or two optical tracks, between which there may be a long time gap.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В работе рассмотрена задача идентификации пар треков околоземных космических объектов, отсутствующих в базах орбитальных данных и независимо наблюдаемых одним или несколькими оптическими телескопами в одном или многих сеансах наблюдения. Предложен алгоритм предварительной отбраковки пар треков – кандидатов на идентификацию на основе оценок инвариантов движения. Получено точное решение задачи идентификации двух треков с помощью метода обобщенного отношения правдоподобия. Предложен новый алгоритм оценивания параметров орбиты (при отсутствии априорных орбитальных данных) по одному и двум оптическим трекам, между которыми может иметься длительный временной перерыв.</p></trans-abstract></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kolessa A.E., Tartakovsky A.G., Ivanov A.P. et al. Nonlinear Estimation and Decision-making Methods in Short Track Identification and Orbit Determination Problem // IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2020. V. 56. Iss. 1. P. 301–312. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAES.2019.2911760</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Chang C.-B. Ballistic Trajectory Estimation with Angle-Only Measurement // 18th IEEE Conf. on Decision and Control. 1979. P. 632–637.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Fujimoto K., Scheeres D. Short-Arc Correlation and Initial Orbit Determination For Space-Based Observations // Proc. 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